Asian Journal of Forestry
type: channel
description: Encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of forestry science, including forest ecology, plantation forestry, biodiversity and wildlife management, forest management, forest plant biology, tree physiology, pest and disease control, information management, soil and water resources, wood sciences and technology, and forest products processing, carbon cycles, climate change, forest fires, small-scale forestry and community forestry, social and economic impacts of forestry, and forestry policy. Scopus (Q3)
publisher: Smujo International
language: en
publication name: Asian Journal of Forestry
issn: 2580-2844
items: From waste to value through circular economy opportunities in traditional sago processing systems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
items: Climate-induced habitat contraction and elevational redistribution of Selaginella willdenowii and S. intermedia in Southeast Asia
items: Integrating nutrient distribution and use efficiency to develop NUE-based fertilization strategies for Acacia hybrid on tropical peat soils
items: Estimating mangrove aboveground biomass using Sentinel-2A Vegetation Indices in a tropical coastal ecosystem on the east coast of North Sumatra, Indonesia
items: Twenty-nine years of forest recovery following selective logging as evidenced by a two-census resurvey in lowland Leuser Sumatra Indonesia
items: Land suitability assessment for mangrove-based silvofishery in North Sumatra, Indonesia
items: Variation of soil temperature and moisture in tropical land-uses
items: The mediating role of community trust in institutional readiness for sustainable mangrove forest rehabilitation
items: Durability and economic viability of Neolamarckia cadamba and Falcataria falcata for composite wood production
items: Preferences, use, and value of forest products in Bardia National Park, Nepal
items: Land cover dynamics and surface water quality conditions in the Upper Wampu Watershed, Indonesia
items: Mapping dominant mangrove genera using SPOT-6 imagery and Maximum Likelihood Classification for conservation planning in Langsa City, Aceh, Indonesia
items: Optimization of wood waste from logging concession for local communities in tropical forest in Indonesia
items: Urban flood susceptibility and riparian vegetation using GLM-based spatial modelling from vegetation cover in Samarinda, Indonesia
items: Intergenerational adaptation in a shifting landscape through Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and forest beekeeping
items: Forest quality decline and restoration priorities in Indonesia’s New Capital Region
items: Wood physical and mechanical properties of rambai (Baccaurea motleyana), a tropical fruit tree species
items: Morphometric characteristics of the endemic stingless bee Wallacetrigona incisa at different altitudes in North Luwu, Indonesia
items: Valuing mangrove ecosystem services in Dumai, Indonesia, for conservation and policy
items: Effects of post-mining land reclamation on heavy metal distribution in South Tapanuli, Indonesia
items: Wild plant knowledge and local disaster mitigation in West Java’s deforested highland, Indonesia
items: Social capital and institutional gaps in forest governance of Indonesia’s new capital city
items: Diversity of color and chemical properties of the resins of Indonesian Styrax spp.
items: Low level of community participation in community forest (HKm) based on a case study from Polewali Mandar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
items: Feeding and avoided plants of Sumatran elephants and their implications for human elephant conflict mitigation in a fragmented landscape, Bengkalis, Indonesia
items: Biomass and carbon storage of mangrove associate Barringtonia acutangula stand estimated using drone and non-destructive methods
items: Added value of palm sugar processing by the Buhung Lali forest farmers group in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
items: Carbon footprint of teak plantation management in Thailand using life cycle analysis
items: Dynamics and transformation of land tenure conflict in a village of Indonesia
items: Comparative machine learning for forest landscape mapping in Mount Argapura, East Java, Indonesia

From waste to value through circular economy opportunities in traditional sago processing systems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Tahnur M, Rampisela DA, Rahmadanih R. 2026. From waste to value through circular economy opportunities in traditional sago processing systems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100139. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100139. In the eastern region of Indonesia, sago (Metroxylon sago) is a local food that has an important role in supporting food security as well as the livelihood of rural communities. However, traditional sago processing is generally still carried out on a small scale and follows a linear pattern, resulting in large amounts of solid and liquid waste and reflecting inefficient resource utilization. Although the circular economy is increasingly being talked about in the agro-industrial system, empirical evidence for its application to small-scale traditional sago processing is still limited. Using the 9R framework, this study aims to map the stages of traditional sago processing, identify operational obstacles and waste generation points, and trace circular economy pathways that have the potential to be implemented. The research was conducted through an exploratory qualitative case study on a traditional sago processing facility in North Luwu District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data was collected through field observations and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders involved in the processing process. The results of the study show that the main sources of waste include leaves and fronds, bark, sago waste, liquid waste, and residual starch sediments. The study also found a number of opportunities for circular utilization, such as natural packaging, bio-briquettes, animal feed, mushroom cultivation media, organic fertilizers, biogas production, and sago larval cultivation, although current reuse practices are still limited and informal. Overall, this study presents empirical evidence on waste streams and circular economy prospects in traditional sago processing systems, while offering practical strategies to improve…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 9R framework, circular economy, sago processing, sustainability, waste valorization
  topic: keywords
creator: MUHAMMAD TAHNUR
creator: DOROTHEA AGNES RAMPISELA
creator: RAHMADANIH RAHMADANIH
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MUHAMMAD TAHNUR, DOROTHEA AGNES RAMPISELA, RAHMADANIH RAHMADANIH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100139

Climate-induced habitat contraction and elevational redistribution of Selaginella willdenowii and S. intermedia in Southeast Asia
type: item
description: Abstract. Setyawan AD, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto, Nursamsi I, Budiharta S, Supriatna J, Pradhan P. 2025. Climate-induced habitat contraction and elevational redistribution of Selaginella willdenowii and S. intermedia in Southeast Asia. Asian J For 9: 440-455. Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major threat to tropical biodiversity, particularly for moisture-dependent cryptogams with narrow environmental requirements. This study assessed the current and future habitat suitability of Selaginella willdenowii and Selaginella intermedia across Southeast Asia using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling. A total of 726 occurrence records for S. willdenowii and 679 records for S. intermedia were compiled from field surveys conducted across Java Island, Indonesia and verified records obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Models were developed using climatic, edaphic, topographic, and UV-B radiation variables and projected under four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) for 2030, 2050, and 2080. The models showed high predictive performance, with AUC values exceeding 0.93 and TSS values exceeding 0.87. Annual precipitation, temperature, elevation, and UV-B radiation were identified as the most influential predictors of habitat suitability. Current suitable habitats were concentrated in mainland and maritime Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, and the Philippines. Java Island emerged as a major regional hotspot, supporting 57.7% and 48.9% suitable habitat coverage for S. willdenowii and S. intermedia, respectively. Future projections consistently indicated habitat contraction under all climate scenarios, with greater losses occurring under higher emission pathways and later projection periods. By 2080, suitable habitat was projected to decline by 16.9-23.4% for S. willdenowii and 27.3-33.2% for S. intermedia accompanied by pronounced upslope redistribution toward mon…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change, elevational shift, MaxEnt, species distribution modeling, tropical lycophytes
  topic: keywords
creator: AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
creator: SUTARNO SUTARNO
creator: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
creator: SUNARTO SUNARTO
creator: ILYAS NURSAMSI
creator: SUGENG BUDIHARTA
creator: JATNA SUPRIATNA
creator: PRAKASH PRADHAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN, SUTARNO, SUGIYARTO, SUNARTO, ILYAS NURSAMSI, SUGENG BUDIHARTA, JATNA SUPRIATNA, PRAKASH PRADHAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r090224

Integrating nutrient distribution and use efficiency to develop NUE-based fertilization strategies for Acacia hybrid on tropical peat soils
type: item
description: Abstract. Triatmojo LP, Pulunggono HB, Hidayat Y, Pessotti PRR, Simbolon DR, Santos VDM, Siregar STH, Sandoval AJD, Hasibuan KA, Suparmanto A, Chakim L. 2026. Integrating nutrient distribution and use efficiency to develop NUE-based fertilization strategies for Acacia hybrid on tropical peat soils. Asian J For 10 (1): r100128. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100128. This study evaluated nutrient distribution and Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) of Acacia hybrid grown on tropical peat soils to support nutrient management for subsequent rotations. The assessment integrated stand characteristics, biomass nutrient partitioning, harvest residue return, and nutrient balance estimation. Results showed that although the merchantable stem accounted for the largest proportion of total biomass, more than half of both macro- and micronutrients were retained in unmerchantable components, including bark, branches, leaves, and roots. This distribution indicates that nutrient capital is largely stored outside the harvested stem. Post-harvest estimates further demonstrated that residue retention returns a substantial proportion of nutrients to the site, confirming the significant role of harvest residues in internal nutrient cycling on peat soils. NUE analysis revealed contrasting nutrient utilization patterns among elements. Phosphorus showed high efficiency in supporting stem biomass production, whereas nitrogen exhibited lower efficiency, consistent with the species’ nitrogen-fixing capacity and high nitrogen accumulation in biomass. Among base cations, comparatively lower balance margins were identified for potassium, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium when harvest residue inputs, NUE, and soil nutrient status were integrated. The nutrient balance assessment projected that most nutrients remain sufficient to sustain the next rotation under residue retention, while potassium, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium may require closer management attention. These findings demonstrate that resi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acacia hybrid, biomass, NUE, peatland, phosphorus
  topic: keywords
creator: LEO PAMUNGKAS TRIATMOJO
creator: HERU BAGUS PULUNGGONO
creator: YAYAT HIDAYAT
creator: PAULO ROBERTO ROSSIN PESSOTTI
creator: DAVID RICARDO SIMBOLON
creator: VINICIUS DE MOURA SANTOS
creator: SABAR T. H. SIREGAR
creator: ALVARO J. DURAN SANDOVAL
creator: KHAIRUL ABROR HASIBUAN
creator: ANDHI SUPARMANTO
creator: LUKMAN CHAKIM
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 LEO PAMUNGKAS TRIATMOJO, HERU BAGUS PULUNGGONO, YAYAT HIDAYAT, PAULO ROBERTO ROSSIN PESSOTTI, DAVID RICARDO SIMBOLON, VINICIUS DE MOURA SANTOS, SABAR T. H. SIREGAR, ALVARO J. DURAN SANDOVAL, KHAIRUL ABROR HASIBUAN, ANDHI SUPARMANTO, LUKMAN CHAKIM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100128

Estimating mangrove aboveground biomass using Sentinel-2A Vegetation Indices in a tropical coastal ecosystem on the east coast of North Sumatra, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Samsuri, Sipahutar RA, Zaitunah A, Samsura A, Budiharta S, Sulistioadi B. 2026. Estimating mangrove aboveground biomass using Sentinel-2A Vegetation Indices in a tropical coastal ecosystem on the east coast of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100131. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100131. Mangrove forests play a vital role in mitigating climate change by sequestering significant amounts of carbon; however, reliably estimating aboveground biomass (AGB) across large, heterogeneous coastal areas remains challenging. The study evaluates the performance of Sentinel-2A satellite imagery in deriving the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), and Transformed Vegetation Index (TVI) for modeling mangrove AGB in the east coast of North Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 41 field plot samples were integrated with satellite-derived NDVI, GNDVI, and TVI using regression modeling. Regression analyses demonstrate that models based on GNDVI consistently outperform those based on NDVI and TVI. The best-performing model, a GNDVI-based power function (y = 23.29x³·¹⁵⁸⁵), achieved an R² of 0.60 with a relatively low prediction error (RMSE = 0.70). The spatial application of the selected model revealed an average mangrove AGB of 249.06 t ha-¹, with the highest biomass of 510.68 t ha-¹ in dense stands, indicating a relatively high carbon storage potential. The superior performance of GNDVI is attributed to its greater sensitivity to chlorophyll content in dense, multilayered mangrove canopies, where NDVI tends to saturate. These findings highlight the robustness of GNDVI for estimating mangrove biomass and underscore the utility of Sentinel-2 imagery for carbon stock assessment. The study demonstrates that Sentinel-2-based GNDVI modeling provides a reliable and cost-effective approach for large-scale mangrove biomass estimation, supporting improved carbon assessment and climate mitigation strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Blue carbon, carbon absorption, forest inventory, Sentinel-2A, Vegetation Index
  topic: keywords
creator: SAMSURI SAMSURI
creator: RIZKY AMELIA SIPAHUTAR
creator: ANITA ZAITUNAH
creator: ARY SAMSURA
creator: SUGENG BUDIHARTA
creator: BUDI SULISTIOADI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SAMSURI, RIZKY AMELIA SIPAHUTAR, ANITA ZAITUNAH, ARY SAMSURA, SUGENG BUDIHARTA, BUDI SULISTIOADI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100131

Twenty-nine years of forest recovery following selective logging as evidenced by a two-census resurvey in lowland Leuser Sumatra Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Iqbar I, Djufri D, Darusman D, Syaukani S. 2026. Twenty-nine years of forest recovery following selective logging as evidenced by a two-census resurvey in lowland Leuser Sumatra Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100124. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100124. Secondary forests are increasingly common across tropical regions following selective logging, yet long-term evidence of their successional dynamics remains limited, particularly in lowland dipterocarp forests of Sumatra. This study examines changes in tree species composition and stand structure based on a two-census resurvey conducted six years (2000) and twenty-nine years (2022) after logging in two permanent sample plots (0.5 ha total) at the Soraya Research Station, Leuser Ecosystem, Indonesia. Floristic composition, species dominance, diversity, and structural attributes were analysed using the Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon diversity, and diameter and height distributions. Tree density increased from 602 to 704 individuals ha⁻¹ over the 23-year interval, while species richness declined slightly from 95 to 88 species. A total of 142 species were recorded across both censuses, with only 14 species shared, indicating high species turnover within a limited sampling area. Shannon diversity decreased marginally (3.9 to 3.7), while evenness remained consistently high (0.84–0.83). Floristic similarity between censuses was low (Sørensen = 15.2%). Diameter distribution in the 29-year forest displayed an inverted J-shape, reflecting ongoing recruitment, although large-diameter trees remained scarce. These results indicate that structural recovery is progressing, whereas species composition continues to shift. The increasing importance of dipterocarp species suggests progression towards later successional stages, although compositional stabilization has not yet been achieved. This study underscores the importance of long-term resurvey data for understanding recovery processes in selectively logged…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: DBH structure, floristic composition, forest succession, Importance Value Index, Leuser Ecosystem
  topic: keywords
creator: IQBAR IQBAR
creator: DJUFRI DJUFRI
creator: DARUSMAN DARUSMAN
creator: SYAUKANI SYAUKANI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IQBAR IQBAR, DJUFRI DJUFRI, DARUSMAN DARUSMAN, Syaukani Syaukani, SYAUKANI SYAUKANI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100124

Land suitability assessment for mangrove-based silvofishery in North Sumatra, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Risdayanti, Basyuni M, Aththorick TA. 2026. Land suitability assessment for mangrove-based silvofishery in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100130. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100130. Silvofishery integrates mangrove conservation with brackish-water aquaculture and is increasingly promoted as a sustainable alternative to conventional pond systems in Indonesia. However, site-specific evaluations of biophysical land suitability remain limited. This study aimed to assess land suitability for mangrove-based silvofishery in Pasar Rawa Village, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia, by integrating vegetation structure, soil characteristics, water quality parameters, and a weighted scoring land-evaluation approach. Mangrove vegetation was surveyed using three perpendicular transects with 21 nested plots (10×10 m trees; 5×5 m saplings; 1×1 m seedlings). Soil (0-30 cm) and water samples were collected from the inlet, outlet, and pond interior compartments. Five mangrove species were recorded, dominated by Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba. Total densities reached 257.1 ind/ha (trees), 3,219.1 ind/ha (saplings), and 833.3 ind/ha (seedlings), indicating active regeneration. Water quality showed a mean temperature of 28.6°C, salinity of 15.0 ppt, pH of 6.5, and dissolved oxygen of 8.7 mg/L, within acceptable ranges for silvofishery. Soil analysis revealed moderately acidic conditions as the primary limiting factor. The weighted scoring system yielded a suitability index of 75.75%, classifying the area as Highly Suitable (S1). Acidic soil pH and suboptimal stand density were identified as manageable constraints. These findings provide a practical decision-support framework for restoration-based silvofishery planning and support evidence that maintaining mangrove cover does not compromise aquaculture productivity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Land suitability, mangrove, silvofishery, wanamina, weighted scoring
  topic: keywords
creator: RISDAYANTI RISDAYANTI
creator: MOHAMMAD BASYUNI
creator: T. ALIEF ATHTHORICK
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RISDAYANTI, MOHAMMAD BASYUNI, T. ALIEF ATHTHORICK https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100130

Variation of soil temperature and moisture in tropical land-uses
type: item
description: Abstract. Karyati, Syafrudin M, Karmini, Afreliana AM, Wahyuni NS. 2026. Variation of soil temperature and moisture in tropical land-uses. Asian J For 10 (1): r100126. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100126. Soil temperature and moisture are key microclimatic variables that influence soil processes, plant growth, and ecosystem sustainability. Land-use change and soil depth are among the main factors affecting these dynamics, particularly in tropical urban areas. This study aimed to examine the variations of soil temperature and humidity across different land uses (sengon plantations, shrublands, and residential areas) at varying soil depths (0-10 cm, 20-30 cm, 50-60 cm, and 90-100 cm). Soil temperature and moisture data were collected using an environmental meter over a 30-day observation period. Soil microclimatic conditions in sengon plantations are more favorable, with lower temperatures and higher moisture levels across various soil depths than in shrublands and residential areas. As the soil depth increases, soil temperature decreases, whereas soil moisture increases. Statistical analysis shows significant differences in soil temperature and moisture across land uses and soil depths. The results indicate that sengon plantations create a cooler, moister soil microclimate than shrublands and residential areas across various soil depths, suggesting their potential role to improve soil water retention, reduce heat stress, and support sustainable land management. Incorporating sengon plantations into land-use planning may help enhance soil resilience, agricultural productivity, and local climate adaptation. Information on soil temperature and moisture across various land uses and depths is important for understanding the condition of the plant root zone and can inform fertilization plans, plant growth, and more efficient, sustainable land management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agroforestry microclimate, soil depth, soil moisture, soil temperature, urban ecosystem
  topic: keywords
creator: KARYATI KARYATI
creator: MUHAMMAD SYAFRUDIN
creator: KARMINI KARMINI
creator: AFTRI MARISKA AFRELIANA
creator: NIKE SRI WAHYUNI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 KARYATI, MUHAMMAD SYAFRUDIN, KARMINI, AFTRI MARISKA AFRELIANA, NIKE SRI WAHYUNI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100126

The mediating role of community trust in institutional readiness for sustainable mangrove forest rehabilitation
type: item
description: Abstract. Mohta G, Sadjati E, Suhada N, Roflimas. 2026. The mediating role of community trust in institutional readiness for sustainable mangrove forest rehabilitation. Asian J For 10 (1): r100123. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100123. Mangrove rehabilitation plays a crucial role in sustaining mangrove forests, coastal ecological functions, and socio-ecological resilience. However, its long-term success depends not only on technical aspects but also on the institutional readiness of local community organizations. This study examines the relationships among government support, initial community participation, and the institutional readiness of Forest Farmer Groups (KTH), with community trust as a mediating variable, in community-based mangrove rehabilitation in Pasir Limau Kapas Village, Indonesia. A census survey of 68 KTH members was conducted and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that government support had a positive effect on both trust and institutional readiness, and exerted an indirect effect through trust as a partial mediator. Community trust significantly strengthened institutional readiness, while initial participation did not significantly affect trust, although it directly influenced institutional readiness. These findings indicate that mangrove rehabilitation success is more strongly determined by governance quality, institutional support, and trust-building than by initial participation alone, with direct implications for sustainable mangrove management and ecological functions. This study contributes by explicitly positioning trust as a mediating mechanism linking government support and institutional readiness, extending the social-ecological systems framework. Practically, it highlights the importance of strengthening local institutions through clear roles, secure land access, and continuous facilitation. However, the cross-sectional design and single study site limit the generaliza…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Community-based mangrove management, forest governance, institutional readiness, mangrove forest rehabilitation, social forestry
  topic: keywords
creator: GANDHIKO MOHTA
creator: EMY SADJATI
creator: NUR SUHADA
creator: ROFLIMAS ROFLIMAS
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 GANDHIKO MOHTA, EMY SADJATI, NUR SUHADA, ROFLIMAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100123

Durability and economic viability of Neolamarckia cadamba and Falcataria falcata for composite wood production
type: item
description: Abstract. Alamsyah EM, Sembada AA, Abdullah AF, Suhaya Y, Sutrisno, Darwis A, Sumardi I, Yustiana Y, Malik J, Munawar SS. 2026. Durability and economic viability of Neolamarckia cadamba and Falcataria falcata for composite wood production. Asian J For 10 (1): r100125. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100125. The suitability of fast-growing tropical species for composite wood production depends on both biological durability and economic feasibility; however, empirical studies integrating these aspects remain limited. In Indonesia, Neolamarckia cadamba (jabon) and Falcataria falcata (sengon) are widely planted, yet their comparative performance in composite applications is insufficiently understood. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the natural durability and economic viability of both species in solid wood and Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) forms. Biological durability was assessed using a 3-month soil burial test conducted in accordance with ASTM standards, supported by visual deterioration ratings and statistical analysis. Economic performance was analysed based on timber transaction records from the West Java Provincial Forestry Department and raw material cost calculations. Results showed that sengon exhibited significantly lower weight loss than jabon in both solid and LVL forms (p < 0.05), with approximately 45-55% lower mass loss, indicating greater resistance to subterranean termites and decay fungi. LVL products of both species experienced slightly higher deterioration than solid wood, likely due to adhesive interface exposure and increased moisture penetration. Market analysis revealed that sengon dominates regional timber supply and displays wider price variability, reflecting high availability and strong demand, whereas jabon showed limited supply and higher, more concentrated prices. Cost analysis further indicated that producing one cubic meter of composite material from jabon requires approximately 26% higher raw material costs than sengon.…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological durability, composite wood, Falcataria falcata, laminated veneer lumber, Neolamarckia cadamba
  topic: keywords
creator: EKA MULYA ALAMSYAH
creator: ANCA AWAL SEMBADA
creator: AHMAD FAWWAZ ABDULLAH
creator: YOYO SUHAYA
creator: SUTRISNO SUTRISNO
creator: ATMAWI DARWIS
creator: IHAK SUMARDI
creator: YOOCE YUSTIANA
creator: JAMALUDIN MALIK
creator: SASA SOFYAN MUNAWAR
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EKA MULYA ALAMSYAH, ANCA AWAL SEMBADA, AHMAD FAWWAZ ABDULLAH, YOYO SUHAYA, SUTRISNO, ATMAWI DARWIS, IHAK SUMARDI, YOOCE YUSTIANA, JAMALUDIN MALIK, SASA SOFYAN MUNAWAR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100125

Preferences, use, and value of forest products in Bardia National Park, Nepal
type: item
description: Abstract. Acharya KR, Devkota BP, Silwal T. 2026. Preferences, use, and value of forest products in Bardia National Park, Nepal. Asian J For 10 (1): r100119. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100119. Agrarian communities living near protected areas, especially in developing countries worldwide, are highly dependent on park resources to meet their subsistence needs. Buffer zones, in and around protected areas, are established to achieve dual aims: fulfilling local communities’ forest needs and conserving biodiversity. This study investigates the community preferences, uses, and values of park resources in the buffer zone of the Bardia National Park, Nepal. A household survey (n=531) of ten buffer-zone community forest user groups from November 2023 to February 2024, supplemented by direct observation of the khar-khadai (i.e., grass cutting) event in 2024. Logistic regression and chi-square test (χ²) were used to identify possible socioeconomic and institutional factors that affected households’ interest in extracting park resources. The results reveal that 63.7% of respondents showed an interest in collecting forest products, with significant differences by ethnicity (β = 0.399, p < 0.001) and community forest membership (β=-0.152, p<0.010). Tharu and disadvantaged Dalit households showed greater interest in accessing park resources than other ethnic groups. Forest users from buffer-zone community forests with better forest conditions (χ²=95.233, df=9, p<0.001) showed lower interest in entering the national park. Fuelwood was identified as the most preferred forest product, followed by thatch grass, grass cane and Sabai grass. Timber was found to be the least preferred forest product collected from the national park. Despite increased availability of alternatives, forest product collection from national parks remained significant for Tharu and Dalit households, for whom buffer-zone community forests could not meet the demand. This study recommends that sustainable …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Buffer zone community forest, fuelwood, Khar-Khadai permit, protected area, subsistence use
  topic: keywords
creator: KESHAV RAJ ACHARYA
creator: BINOD PRASAD DEVKOTA
creator: THAKUR SILWAL
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 KESHAV RAJ ACHARYA, BINOD PRASAD DEVKOTA, THAKUR SILWAL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100119

Land cover dynamics and surface water quality conditions in the Upper Wampu Watershed, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Darnianti, Rauf A, Rahmawaty, Mulya MB, Delvian, Rahmanta. 2026. Land cover dynamics and surface water quality conditions in the Upper Wampu Watershed, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100121. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100121. Land cover variation in upstream watersheds is spatially associated with differences in observed surface water quality characteristics. This study evaluates land cover dynamics between 2017 and 2024 and examines surface water quality conditions in the Upper Wampu Watershed, Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Land cover mapping utilized pre-classified 10 m Sentinel Land Cover datasets, validated using 10 independent points which yielded a localized accuracy of 90%. Water quality was assessed at 10 spatially distributed sampling stations using physicochemical and microbiological parameters and evaluated against Class II surface water standards set forth in Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, serving as a raw water source for drinking water treatment. Forest cover increased slightly (+1.91%), built-up areas expanded markedly (+29.04%), cropland increased moderately (+4.72%), and grassland declined substantially (-36.80%), while water bodies remained relatively stable. Exceedances were observed for Total Suspended Solids (TSS), color, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia, and iron, whereas microbiological parameters remained below regulatory limits. Using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), specifically spatial overlay and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) clustering, the study identified spatial patterns in which settlement-dominated areas coincided with higher microbiological concentrations, while agriculturally dominated areas coincided with elevated organic indicators. These findings describe spatial associations rather than causal effects and are interpreted within the exploratory scope of the study. The river remains suitable as a source for drinking water treatment under current conditions, alt…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, land cover dynamics, Sentinel land cover, surface water quality, watershed management
  topic: keywords
creator: DARNIANTI DARNIANTI
creator: ABDUL RAUF
creator: RAHMAWATY RAHMAWATY
creator: MISWAR BUDI MULYA
creator: DELVIAN DELVIAN
creator: RAHMANTA RAHMANTA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 DARNIANTI, ABDUL RAUF, RAHMAWATY, MISWAR BUDI MULYA, DELVIAN, RAHMANTA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100121

Mapping dominant mangrove genera using SPOT-6 imagery and Maximum Likelihood Classification for conservation planning in Langsa City, Aceh, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Rahmadi MT, Damayani WN, Harefa MS. 2026. Mapping dominant mangrove genera using SPOT-6 imagery and Maximum Likelihood Classification for conservation planning in Langsa City, Aceh, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100120. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100120. Mangrove forests are among the world's most productive and ecologically significant coastal ecosystems, providing essential services such as shoreline stabilization, carbon sequestration, and habitat provision. Indonesia accounts for approximately 19.5% of the global mangrove area, underscoring its critical role in coastal resilience and in supporting coastal communities. Despite their importance, these ecosystems face increasing pressures from anthropogenic activities, land-use change, and climate change, necessitating accurate and up-to-date information for effective monitoring and restoration planning. While remote sensing is indispensable, mangrove mapping at the genus level remains limited. Such detailed data are essential for robust zoning-based conservation planning and targeted strategies. This study addresses this gap by characterizing the distribution of dominant mangrove genera in Langsa City, Aceh, an area with mangrove representation. Utilizing high-resolution SPOT-6 imagery and the Maximum Likelihood Classification method, supported by comprehensive field validation with 30 control points, we produced a genus-level classification map. The total mangrove area identified in Langsa City is 5,837.46 ha, distributed across five sub-districts. Based on the classification and field data, three dominant mangrove genera were reliably identified: Rhizophora (2,216.01 ha), Avicennia (2,086.34 ha), and Ceriops (1,535.11 ha), which collectively account for 95% of the mangrove area, with Rhizophora being the most dominant. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient achieved were 83% and 76%, respectively, indicating robust and reliable mapping results. This up-to-date, genus-level spatial inform…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Genus-level classification, Langsa City, mangrove mapping, remote sensing, SPOT 6
  topic: keywords
creator: M. TAUFIK RAHMADI
creator: WANDA NELWITA DAMAYANI
creator: MEILINDA SURIANI HAREFA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. TAUFIK RAHMADI, WANDA NELWITA DAMAYANI, MEILINDA SURIANI HAREFA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100120

Optimization of wood waste from logging concession for local communities in tropical forest in Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Ruslim Y, Sari DR, Kristiningrum R, Purwanti E, Malik FB. 2026. Optimization of wood waste from logging concession for local communities in tropical forest in Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100106. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100106. Timber harvesting in selective logging in tropical forest often produces significant amount of wood wastes which arises due to technical errors in the field and inappropriate planning. Instead of being left in the forest, harvesting waste might be utilized by local community, but this optimization might need information on the classification and potential use of wood waste. This study aims to determine the amount of timber harvesting waste generated by logging concession and identify the potential utilization of wood waste for the surrounding community for subsistence and small scale commercial needs. The study was conducted at a logging concession in Berau District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, with wood wastes were collected at six felling plots totalling six ha and two log landing areas (TPn). The most prevalent waste type in the felling plots was tree stump with a volume of 24.58 m3, followed by tree tip, base, buttress stump waste, broken stems, and wood knots with 22.44 m3, 21.63 m3, 4.18 m3, 3.5 m3, and 0.48 m3, respectively. The wood waste found at the landing site (TPn) was predominantly red meranti, with volume of 22.69 m3. The results of interviews to local communities indicated logging waste can be utilized for a range of applications, including the production of building materials, handicrafts, furniture, bioenergy, boats, household appliances, and traditional furniture. A study on the efficiency of wood waste from logging concessions and the legal framework surrounding its utilization is necessary to ensure that the use of wood waste by local communities remains both effective and compliant with legal regulations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Collaboration, empowerment, regulation, socio and economic, wood harvesting waste
  topic: keywords
creator: YOSEP RUSLIM
creator: DIAH RAKHMAH SARI
creator: ROCHADI KRISTININGRUM
creator: EMI PURWANTI
creator: FRISKA BUNGAN MALIK
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 YOSEP RUSLIM, DIAH RAKHMAH SARI, ROCHADI KRISTININGRUM, EMI PURWANTI, FRISKA BUNGAN MALIK https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100106

Urban flood susceptibility and riparian vegetation using GLM-based spatial modelling from vegetation cover in Samarinda, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Naufalianto IF, Madjid MIN, Fauzan MRN, Sidiq AR. 2026. Urban flood susceptibility and riparian vegetation using GLM-based spatial modelling from vegetation cover in Samarinda, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100115. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100115. Urban flooding in tropical cities is increasingly shaped by land-cover change, yet the contribution of urban vegetation to flood susceptibility remains poorly quantified. This study mapped flood susceptibility in Samarinda, Indonesia, using a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) fitted to 123 spatially thinned flood-presence points derived from georeferenced online reports and 1,000 pseudo-absence points (1:8). Open-source covariates were derived from Sentinel-2 and SRTM, including Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), elevation, and built-up occurrence frequency. After screening for multicollinearity and selecting the best minimal model, flood occurrence was negatively associated with EVI and elevation and positively associated with built-up frequency. Model discrimination was high (AUC = 0.959 in a 70/30 split) and remained consistent under spatial block cross-validation, with predictions interpreted as relative susceptibility rather than event-based hydrological simulation. Predicted high susceptibility was concentrated along low-lying river corridors and densely built zones, whereas vegetated and elevated areas exhibited lower susceptibility. Jenks classification indicated 4.74% of the study area in the high class. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining urban vegetation cover, particularly urban riparian forests and green belts, as a nature-based component of flood-risk reduction. The susceptibility map can be used as a consideration for urban forestry planning by prioritizing riparian forest conservation and restoration in river-corridor segments with high predicted susceptibility.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Crowd-sourced data, flood susceptibility, Generalized Linear Model (GLM), urban flood, urban riparian forest
  topic: keywords
creator: IKHSAN FIQRA NAUFALIANTO
creator: MUHAMMAD IQBAL NUR MADJID
creator: MUHAMMAD RAFII NUR FAUZAN
creator: ABDUL RAHMAN SIDIQ
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IKHSAN FIQRA NAUFALIANTO, MUHAMMAD IQBAL NUR MADJID, MUHAMMAD RAFII NUR FAUZAN, ABDUL RAHMAN SIDIQ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100115

Intergenerational adaptation in a shifting landscape through Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and forest beekeeping
type: item
description: Abstract. Wijayanti ARY, Arafat A, Nurhikmah. 2026. Intergenerational adaptation in a shifting landscape through Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and forest beekeeping. Asian J For 10 (1): r100114. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100114. This article aims to analyze how Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) related to forest beekeeping livelihoods is inherited, transformed, and negotiated across generations under social forestry arrangements. Focusing on the Buttu Puang community forest farmers group (KTH) in Tappina Village, Binuang Sub-district, Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi, Indonesia, the study employs a qualitative case study approach grounded in Berkes' corpus-praxis-cosmos framework. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to examine intergenerational dynamics of ecological knowledge, forest management practices, and symbolic values amid socio-ecological change, involving 26 community members engaged in forest beekeeping, processing, and related activities. The findings indicate that TEK in forest beekeeping is not a static knowledge system but a dynamic and adaptive process shaped by changes in forest access, market rationalities, and shifting intergenerational values. While core ecological knowledge regarding forest flora and honeybee behavior remains relatively stable, intergenerational differences are evident in the modification of management practices and the reinterpretation of symbolic meanings. Knowledge transmission occurs through selective, situational, and negotiated processes rather than linear inheritance. These patterns indicate that continuity and change coexist within TEK, mediated through ongoing intergenerational negotiation rather than simple erosion or preservation. The study contributes to forestry and ethnobiology scholarship by demonstrating that the resilience of forest-based livelihoods under social forestry arrangements depends on maintaining social and ecol…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Forest beekeeping, forest management, intergenerational negotiation, traditional ecological knowledge, value transmission
  topic: keywords
creator: ANDI RIDHA YAYANK WIJAYANTI
creator: ANDI ARAFAT
creator: NURHIKMAH NURHIKMAH
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ANDI RIDHA YAYANK WIJAYANTI, ANDI ARAFAT, NURHIKMAH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100114

Forest quality decline and restoration priorities in Indonesia’s New Capital Region
type: item
description: Abstract. Irfaddien R, Kiswanto, Herlambang H, Anwar S, Farahdita WL. 2026. Forest quality decline and restoration priorities in Indonesia’s New Capital Region. Asian J For 10 (1): r100108. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100108. Rapid development in the Capital City of Nusantara (IKN), East Kalimantan, Indonesia, is occurring within a landscape that still contains extensive humid tropical forest. This study quantifies spatiotemporal Land Cover change (2016-2025) and evaluates landscape-scale ecosystem condition using a Land Cover Quality Index (LCQI) derived from Sentinel-2 imagery, complemented by a DPSIR (Driving force–Pressure–State–Impact–Response) synthesis to frame restoration and management priorities. Land cover was mapped into 10 classes using a Random Forest classifier, achieving an overall accuracy of 85.2% (κ=0.82). Total forest cover decreased from 181,656 ha (70.8%) in 2016 to 138,700 ha (54.1%) in 2025 (-43,000 ha), including primary forest loss of 36,500 ha (-3,650 ha yr-1) and a marked increase in degraded forest (256 to 20,600 ha). Shrubland expanded by 32,600 ha, while built-up area increased from 8,400 to 27,200 ha. Consistent with these transitions, LCQI declined from 71.3 to 54.8, falling below the degradation threshold (≤65), a commonly used screening benchmark in environmental quality assessments. Hotspot analysis identified concentrated forest loss along infrastructure corridors in the northern and eastern parts of IKN, as well as near mining and river-valley conversion fronts. Insights from key-informant interviews (n=25) suggest that capital relocation, associated population growth, and investment flows are prominent drivers associated with land-conversion pressures. We do not directly measure biodiversity responses in the field; therefore, biodiversity implications are inferred from established relationships between forest loss/fragmentation and species viability. The driver–pressure linkages framed in the DPSIR framework should be i…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: DPSIR, ecosystem restoration, forest habitat, Land Cover Quality Index, Nusantara Capital City
  topic: keywords
creator: REZHA IRFADDIEN
creator: KISWANTO KISWANTO
creator: HERU HERLAMBANG
creator: SAIFUL ANWAR
creator: WANDA LARAS FARAHDITA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 REZHA IRFADDIEN, KISWANTO, HERU HERLAMBANG, SAIFUL ANWAR, WANDA LARAS FARAHDITA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100108

Wood physical and mechanical properties of rambai (Baccaurea motleyana), a tropical fruit tree species
type: item
description: Abstract. Dayadi I, Ridho MR. 2026. Wood physical and mechanical properties of rambai (Baccaurea motleyana), a tropical fruit tree species. Asian J For 10: r100103. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100103. This study evaluated the physical and mechanical properties of rambai (Baccaurea motleyana) wood to assess its potential as a timber resource in multipurpose fruit-timber systems. Small clear specimens were prepared from the base, middle, and top section of three mature rambai trees (diameter at breast height 38-44 cm) grown in a private garden, and tested for physical and mechanical properties following the Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) standards. The results showed that rambai wood has Green Moisture Content (GMC) of 104.98±9.20%, decreasing significantly from the base toward the top of the stem. Apparent density at ~12% MC averaged 0.62±0.04 g/cm3 and did not differ significantly among axial positions of the stem. Shrinkage behaviour was typical of hardwoods, with tangential and radial shrinkage of about 5.9% and 3.8%, respectively, and a tangential–radial ratio of 1.59±0.28, indicating satisfactory dimensional stability. Mean mechanical properties across the whole stem were 9.52±1.49 GPa for MOE, 85.16±11.28 MPa for MOR, 51.69±5.69 MPa for compression parallel to grain. Impact bending strength and shear strength averaged 7.26±1.65 J/cm2 and 11.81±1.35 MPa, respectively. Overall, these values characterize B. motleyana as a medium grade hardwood with physical and mechanical properties compatible with potential usein furniture, interior joinery and light construction, while further studies on durability, workability and anatomical characteristics are needed to provide stronger support to its promotion as a lesser-known tropical wood resource from fruit-timber systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agroforestry, Baccaurea motleyana, lesser-known species, multipurpose plant, strength classes
  topic: keywords
creator: IRVIN DAYADI
creator: MUHAMMAD ROSYID RIDHO
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IRVIN DAYADI, MUHAMMAD ROSYID RIDHO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100103

Morphometric characteristics of the endemic stingless bee Wallacetrigona incisa at different altitudes in North Luwu, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Rahman A, Nuraeni S, Sadapotto A, Prastiyo A. 2026. Morphometric characteristics of the endemic stingless bee Wallacetrigona incisa at different altitudes in North Luwu, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100105. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100105. The endemic stingless bee Wallacetrigona incisa is one of the important pollinator species in the Wallacea Region, contributing to the pollination of forest and agricultural plants. However, information regarding its morphological variations remains very limited, particularly in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study provides a novel approach to examining the morphometric characteristics of W. incisa as a basis for understanding its morphology. This research aimed to analyze the differences in morphometric traits of W. incisa at three altitudinal levels in North Luwu. Sampling was conducted purposively at lowland, midland, and highland sites with a total of 90 individual bees. Data analysis included One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine relationships and grouping patterns among morphometric traits. ANOVA results showed that altitude had a significant effect (p<0.05) on several key morphometric traits, including Body Length (BL), Malar Length (ML), Hind Femur Length (HFL), and Hind Tibia Width (HTW), with the largest mean body size observed in highland populations. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships among several morphometric traits, particularly between body size and hind leg dimensions (r>0.70, p<0.05). PCA indicated that morphometric traits cluster according to altitudinal groups, suggesting structured variation by altitude and morphological potential. PC1 covers 38.45% of the variation in bee morphometric data, while PC2 covers 12.55%. Average body size increases with height, indicating a morphological response to altitudinal and environmental differences. This study provides a scientific basis for co…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Body size, habitat, morphological response, pollinator, Wallacetrigona incisa
  topic: keywords
creator: ABD. RAHMAN
creator: SITTI NURAENI
creator: ANDI SADAPOTTO
creator: ANDI PRASTIYO
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ABD. RAHMAN, SITTI NURAENI, ANDI SADAPOTTO, ANDI PRASTIYO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100105

Valuing mangrove ecosystem services in Dumai, Indonesia, for conservation and policy
type: item
description: Abstract. Insusanty E, Mulyadi A, Efriyeldi, Warningsih T. 2025. Valuing mangrove ecosystem services in Dumai, Indonesia, for conservation and policy. Asian J For 9: 428-439. Mangrove ecosystems deliver diverse services that are vital for ecological stability and human well-being, encompassing provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural functions. Despite their importance, the economic value of these ecosystems is often undervalued, leading to inadequate conservation efforts. This study estimates the Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangrove ecosystem services in Dumai City, Indonesia, by applying a combination of valuation approaches: market price (effect on production), benefit transfer, individual travel cost, and contingent valuation methods. The estimated TEV of mangrove ecosystem services is approximately Rp 110.95 billion annually. Regulating services contribute the largest share (49.25%), primarily from carbon sequestration, coastal protection, and seawater intrusion control. Provisioning services account for 40.19%, mainly from fisheries and firewood, while supporting services (3.15%) and cultural services (7.41%) provide additional ecological and socio-cultural benefits. These results demonstrate that mangroves play a critical role in sustaining livelihoods and maintaining ecological balance in Dumai. Recognizing their substantial economic value can strengthen evidence-based coastal management, promote the implementation of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), and support long-term conservation policies that balance ecological integrity with socio-economic development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dumai City, economic valuation, ecosystem services, mangrove ecosystem
  topic: keywords
creator: ENNY INSUSANTY
creator: ARAS MULYADI
creator: EFRIYELDI EFRIYELDI
creator: TRISLA WARNINGSIH
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ENNY INSUSANTY, ARAS MULYADI, EFRIYELDI, TRISLA WARNINGSIH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r090223

Effects of post-mining land reclamation on heavy metal distribution in South Tapanuli, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Anwar S, Mansor AB, Haris H, Dharsono M, Lubis A. 2025. Effects of post-mining land reclamation on heavy metal distribution in South Tapanuli, Indonesia. Asian J For 9: 410-417. Ecological restoration plays a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of gold mining on soil quality and ecosystem stability. This study evaluated the long-term dynamics of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in post-mining reclaimed land at the Martabe Gold Mine in Indonesia. Soil samples (0-20 cm) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the data were assessed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results revealed temporal fluctuations in heavy metal concentrations, with initial increases during the early restoration stages and consistent declines by 2024. These declines were influenced by the development of vegetation, particularly fast-growing species such as Falcataria falcata, Samanea saman and Gmelina arborea, as well as microclimatic improvements that enhanced soil redox balance, organic matter accumulation, and pH stabilization. The PCA results showed that the first two components explained 58% of the variation in heavy metals, with Fe, Cu, and Zn clustering and Mn forming a distinct axis, reflecting differences in metal behavior under changing soil conditions. Sites with high Fe-Cu-Zn levels (ZD and BD) indicated less effective reclamation, whereas others (HD, EM, and LD3) displayed balanced metal levels consistent with successful restoration. This six-year monitoring highlights the novelty of assessing tropical post-mining reclamation over an extended timescale, linking vegetation recovery and microclimatic changes to heavy metal reduction, and offers practical implications for forestry-based reclamation and sustainable land management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heavy metal, martabe, metal influence, phytoremediation, reclamation
  topic: keywords
creator: SYAIFUL ANWAR
creator: ASYRAF BIN MANSOR
creator: HAZZEMAN HARIS
creator: MAHYU DHARSONO
creator: ABDILLAH LUBIS
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SYAIFUL ANWAR, ASYRAF BIN MANSOR, HAZZEMAN HARIS, MAHYU DHARSONO, ABDILLAH LUBIS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r090221

Wild plant knowledge and local disaster mitigation in West Java’s deforested highland, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Fatimah FZN, Mulyanto D. 2025. Wild plants knowledge and local disaster mitigation in West Java deforested highland, Indonesia. Asian J For 9: 418-427. Communities in disaster-prone mountainous areas often face limited access to stable food and health resources, making wild plants an essential safety net during emergencies. This study aims to identify the diversity, utilization, and role of wild plants in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in the mountainous areas of West Java, Indonesia. A total of 26 informants were selected purposively according to the established criteria. They were individuals actively involved in wild plant collection and in small-scale domestication. Data were obtained through ethnobotanical surveys, free-listing interviews, and free walking. These data were then analyzed using Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Sørensen's Similarity Coefficient (SSC) to ensure methodological rigor. The study recorded 87 species of wild plants that serve as sources of food, medicine, and multifunctional plants. In crisis situations, wild plants contribute to the four pillars of food security: availability, access, utilization, and stability. This strengthens their role as a community-based DRR strategy. However, a limitation identified in the study area was the lack of use of carbohydrate-rich tubers and long-term preservation techniques. This gap may weaken the community's self-resilience as households would become overly dependent on external assistance when access to food supplies is disrupted. Nevertheless, the domestication of 19 wild plant species in home gardens represents another DRR-relevant adaptive strategy. It can maintain food security and easily accessible medicine at minimal cost, time, and risk. Thus, these findings confirm that knowledge and practices of wild plant utilization are an important part of community-based DRR and play a vital role in strengthening forest-based resilience strategies in disaster-prone areas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Disaster risk reduction, ethnobotany, local knowledge, West Java, wild edible plants
  topic: keywords
creator: FAUZIYYAH ZAHRAH NUR FATIMAH
creator: DEDE MULYANTO
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 FAUZIYYAH ZAHRAH NUR FATIMAH, DEDE MULYANTO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-17
publication date: 2026-02-17
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r090222

Social capital and institutional gaps in forest governance of Indonesia’s new capital city
type: item
description: Abstract. Anwar S, Sardjono MA, Rujehan, Suhardiman A, Kiswanto, Setiawati, Herlambang H. 2025. Social capital and institutional gaps in forest governance of Indonesia’s new capital city. Asian J For 9: 381-389. Social capital is a cornerstone of sustainable forest management, but its benefits depend on the institutional arrangements that shape how local communities participate in decision-making. The relocation of Indonesia's new capital city (IKN) to East Kalimantan is rapidly transforming forest landscapes and governance structures, creating both opportunities and risks for forest-dependent communities. This qualitative case study examines how social capital interacts with institutional gaps in forest governance across six villages located within and around the IKN development area. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 35 purposively selected informants, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Stakeholder power was analysed using an interest–influence matrix, while institutional coherence was evaluated across operational, collective-choice, and constitutional rule levels, drawing on Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development framework. The findings show a pronounced "social–institutional capital gap": local communities possess strong bonding and bridging social capital and high interest in forest protection, yet they have limited influence over formal land-use decisions dominated by state agencies and private investors. National and IKN-level regulations only partially recognise local rules and customary institutions, leading to overlapping authority and implementation gaps. These governance arrangements create conditions that may increase the risk of unsustainable forest conversion and biodiversity loss, even though our study does not directly measure ecological outcomes. We conclude that aligning formal rules with existing social capital through inclusive, multi-level co-governance is essential to maintain local legitimacy and reduc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biodiversity conservation, forest governance, institutional gaps, Nusantara Capital City, stakeholder analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: SAIFUL ANWAR
creator: MUSTOFA AGUNG SARDJONO
creator: RUJEHAN RUJEHAN
creator: ALI SUHARDIMAN
creator: KISWANTO KISWANTO
creator: SETIAWATI SETIAWATI
creator: HERU HERLAMBANG
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asian Journal of Forestry
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r090219

Diversity of color and chemical properties of the resins of Indonesian Styrax spp.
type: item
description: Abstract. Ridwansyah, Sunarti TC, Syamsu K, Fahma F, Julianti E, Lovely B. 2025. Diversity of color and chemical properties of the resins of Indonesian Styrax spp. Asian J For 9: 372-380. Styrax is a native Indonesian plant that grows in northern Sumatra and produces resin, locally known as kemenyan, as a valuable non-timber forest product widely used in perfumery, cosmetics, and traditional medicine. The present study aimed to analyze the color, chemical, and phytochemical profiles of resin from three Indonesian Styrax species, namely S. sumatrana, S. benzoin var. hiliferum, and S. benzoin. Color was assessed by the CIE Lab system, while chemical properties, including cinnamic and benzoic acids, were measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. Phytochemical screening and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were performed to identify bioactive constituents and functional groups. The results revealed that S. sumatrana has the highest cinnamic acid content (32.65%) and the lowest benzoic acid level (16.08%), along with superior color parameters (L, a*, b*), qualifying it as Grade A under the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7940:2013). FTIR spectra also indicated higher concentrations of phenolic compounds and terpenoids in S. sumatrana than in other species. The toba resin showed the most complex and abundant aromatic and resinous group spectrum, followed by bulu. Durame showed abundant carbonyl compounds and fewer aromatic structures, suggesting compositional differences between them. These findings highlight the superior quality of S. sumatrana resin, which contains a higher level of cinnamic acid and a brighter color than S. benzoin.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, color, phytochemical, resin
  topic: keywords
creator: RIDWANSYAH RIDWANSYAH
creator: TITI CANDRA SUNARTI
creator: KHASWAR SYAMSU
creator: FARAH FAHMA
creator: ELISA JULIANTI
creator: BELLADINI LOVELY
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asian Journal of Forestry
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r090218

Low level of community participation in community forest (HKm) based on a case study from Polewali Mandar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Sukran M, Sadapotto A, Arif A. 2026. Low level of community participation in community forest (HKm) based on a case study from Polewali Mandar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100140. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100140. Community participation is a key determinant of the effectiveness of social forestry programs, particularly under the community forest (Hutan Kemasyarakatan/HKm) scheme in Indonesia. Meaningful involvement of local communities across all stages of forest management is essential to ensure ecological sustainability while improving livelihoods. This study aims to assess the level of community participation in HKm management, identify factors influencing participation, and formulate priority strategies to enhance community involvement. The study was conducted in Barumbung Village, Matakali Sub-district, Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected from 62 members of the Ujung Karondang forest farmer group through field observations, structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document review. Community participation was assessed across three principal stages of HKm management: planning, implementation, and evaluation. Participation was measured using eight participation criteria distributed across these three stages. Each criterion was operationalized into eight questionnaire statements, yielding a total of 64 indicators evaluated on a five-point Likert scale. Participation levels were analyzed using Arnstein’s ladder of participation, while force field analysis was applied to identify key driving and constraining factors and to determine priority improvement strategies. The results indicate that community participation in HKm management is predominantly classified as non-participation, accounting for 96.77% of respondents. The term overall participation refers to the aggregated participation score derived from all three management stages (planning, implementation, and evaluation), which was …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Community forest management (HKm), forest farmer group, force field analysis, participation, social forestry
  topic: keywords
creator: M. SUKRAN
creator: ANDI SADAPOTTO
creator: ASTUTI ARIF
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. SUKRAN, ANDI SADAPOTTO, ASTUTI ARIF https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-07
publication date: 2026-07-07
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100140

Feeding and avoided plants of Sumatran elephants and their implications for human elephant conflict mitigation in a fragmented landscape, Bengkalis, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Yoza D, Saputra D, Mubarak, Metananda AA, Pebriandi, Darlis VV, Zulfahmi, Lubis A. 2026. Feeding and avoided plants of Sumatran elephants and their implications for human elephant conflict mitigation in a fragmented landscape, Bengkalis, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100136. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100136. Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) is one of the most critical conservation challenges in Riau Province, Indonesia, driven primarily by rapid habitat fragmentation and agricultural expansion. Understanding feeding preferences and avoiding plant species of the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is essential for developing evidence-based vegetation management strategies to mitigate conflict. This study was conducted in secondary forests and surrounding agricultural landscapes of the Balai Raja Wildlife Sanctuary, Pinggir Sub-district, Bengkalis District, Indonesia, during both the late dry and early rainy seasons. Vegetation surveys were conducted using systematic transects (500 m × 20 m) along identified elephant movement routes, complemented by semi-structured interviews with local communities and elephant handlers. Vegetation data were analyzed using density, frequency, dominance, Important Value Index (IVI), and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’). Feeding preference was quantified through direct observation of feeding signs and controlled observation of two tame elephants. Statistical differences in biomass consumption between preferred and non-preferred species were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test. A total of 15 species were consumed at the seedling level and 16 species at the sapling level, whereas 10 economically important plant species were identified as avoided by elephants. Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Zingiberaceae dominated the consumed vegetation, particularly in shrub and secondary forest habitats. The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference in biomass consumption between preferred and non-pre…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agricultural landscape, feeding preference, mitigation strategy, secondary forest, vegetation management
  topic: keywords
creator: DEFRI YOZA
creator: RACHMAD SAPUTRA
creator: MUBARAK MUBARAK
creator: ARYA ARISMAYA METANANDA
creator: PEBRIANDI PEBRIANDI
creator: VINI VOLCHERINA DARLIS
creator: ZULFAHMI ZULFAHMI
creator: ABDILLAH LUBIS
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 DEFRI YOZA, RACHMAD SAPUTRA, MUBARAK, ARYA ARISMAYA METANANDA, PEBRIANDI, VINI VOLCHERINA DARLIS, ZULFAHMI, ABDILLAH LUBIS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100136

Biomass and carbon storage of mangrove associate Barringtonia acutangula stand estimated using drone and non-destructive methods
type: item
description: Abstract. Pasha GAA, Chairul, Mukhtar E. 2026. Biomass and carbon storage of mangrove associate Barringtonia acutangula stand estimated using drone and non-destructive methods. Asian J For 10 (1): r100138. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100138. Mangrove forests are among the largest carbon-storing forest ecosystems in the world, making them highly important in addressing climate change. However, the capacity for carbon uptake and storage within biomass varies considerably among species. Consequently, carbon storage across habitats is strongly influenced by dominant species and tree density. This study aims to analyze biomass and carbon storage in the stands of mangrove associate species, i.e. Barringtonia acutangula in Tangkas Lake, Jambi, Indonesia. A drone-based method and a non-destructive field survey were employed to collect data on mangrove vegetation. Drone was employed to generate Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Canopy Height Model (CHM) to produce biomass and carbon estimate analyzed using formulas in R-studio. Biomass and carbon estimate ​​from non-destructive field approaches were calculated using allometric equations by inputting DBH and tree height measured in the field. This data was also used to validate CHM and biomass and carbon calculated using drone-based method. The results show that the carbon storage of the B. acutangula stands obtained from the drone-based method and the non-destructive method are relatively similar. The mean biomass using drone-based accros transect was 66.425 tons/ha with the mean carbon storage was 31.219 tonC/ha, whereas the mean biomass estimation from the field survey resulted in 64.966 ton/ha with the mean carbon storage was 30.533 tonC/ha. Based on these results, B. acutangula-dominated stands in Tangkas Lake is included in the medium category implying its significant contribution in climate change mitigation. The findings of this study also suggest the potential application of drone…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AGB, Barringtonia acutangula, carbon storage, mangrove, photogrammetry
  topic: keywords
creator: GUSTI ARI AFRILYA PASHA
creator: CHAIRUL CHAIRUL
creator: ERIZAL MUKHTAR
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 GUSTI ARI AFRILYA PASHA, CHAIRUL, ERIZAL MUKHTAR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-16
publication date: 2026-06-16
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100138

Added value of palm sugar processing by the Buhung Lali forest farmers group in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Lestari PEE, Syahidah, Mujetahid A. 2026. Added value of palm sugar processing by the Buhung Lali forest farmers group in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100135. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100135. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) play a vital role in sustainable forest management by providing economic benefits while maintaining ecosystem health. Among these, the sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) represents a high-value NTFPs that is predominantly managed using traditional methods by the community of Bukit Harapan Village, Bulukumba District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, particularly members of the Buhung Lali Forest Farmers Group (FFG). This study aims to describe the production process of palm sugar, from sap tapping to the final products, and to analyze the added value generated from processing sap into granulated palm sugar and liquid palm sugar. Data were collected through direct observation, structured interviews, and documentation of production activities. Analysis using the Hayami Method reveals that granulated palm sugar provides an added value of IDR 4,800/kg with a profit rate of 98%, whereas liquid palm sugar yields an added value of IDR 600/kg with a 66% profit rate. The higher added value and profitability of granulated sugar are primarily due to its higher market price and the lower interest among KTH members in producing liquid sugar, which is less favored in the local market. Furthermore, labor requirements differ between the two products, with granulated sugar production being more capital-intensive and efficient in labor use, while liquid sugar production relies more on manual labor. These findings underscore the economic potential of diversifying NTFPs-based products and optimizing production processes. Promoting high-value products like granulated palm sugar can enhance the income of small-scale farmers and entrepreneurs, support local agroindustries, and contribute to sustainable forest resource management. Overall, …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Added value, granulated palm sugar, Hayami method, liquid palm sugar, non-timber forest products
  topic: keywords
creator: PUTRI ENDANG EKA LESTARI
creator: SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH
creator: A. MUJETAHID
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 PUTRI ENDANG EKA LESTARI, SYAHIDAH, A. MUJETAHID https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100135

Carbon footprint of teak plantation management in Thailand using life cycle analysis
type: item
description: Abstract. Intim N, Duangjai W, Diloksumpun S, Kaakkurivaara T, Kaakkurivaara N. 2026. Carbon footprint of teak plantation management in Thailand using life cycle analysis. Asian J For 10 (1): r100129. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100129. Greenhouse (GHG) emissions from forest management operations are increasingly scrutinized in the context of climate change mitigation. This study aimed to quantify the carbon footprint of a full rotation teak (Tectona grandis) plantation, identifying key direct emission sources in silviculture and harvesting. This study assessed the carbon footprint of teak plantation management in the Mae-Moh Forest Plantation, Lampang Province, Thailand, using a life-cycle emission assessment over a 30-year rotation period. The system boundary covered plantation management activities from site preparation and planting to thinning and final harvesting, following a cradle-to-log-yard framework. Carbon dioxide emissions were calculated using activity data collected during 2023-2024 and emission factors provided by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization. The analysis consisted of two major components: silvicultural practices and harvesting operations. The life-cycle emissions of carbon dioxide from silvicultural practices were estimated at 1,726.5 kg CO₂eq ha-1, with annual firebreak construction accounting for 1,176.0 kg CO₂eq ha-1, followed by fertilizer application accounting for 338.0 kg CO₂eq ha-1. The first year of establishment generated the highest emissions owing to the implementation of all silvicultural activities. Harvesting operations resulted in 14.2 kg CO₂eq/m³ in final felling, with short distance transportation identified as the largest contributor (5.3 kg CO₂eq/m³). When aggregated over the entire rotation, the total operational carbon footprint was 4,633.4 kg CO₂eq ha-¹, with harvesting operations accounting for 62.7% of emissions and silvicultural practices 37.3%. The highest annual emissions occurred during the…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fuel consumption, greenhouse gases, life cycle assessment, operational efficiency, plantation forestry emissions
  topic: keywords
creator: NALINEE INTIM
creator: WIRONGRONG DUANGJAI
creator: SAPIT DILOKSUMPUN
creator: TOMI KAAKKURIVAARA
creator: NOPPARAT KAAKKURIVAARA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 NALINEE INTIM, WIRONGRONG DUANGJAI, SAPIT DILOKSUMPUN, TOMI KAAKKURIVAARA, NOPPARAT KAAKKURIVAARA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100129

Dynamics and transformation of land tenure conflict in a village of Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Ramadhan R, Titan A, Rahayu AB, Muttaqin T, Dharmawan AS. 2026. Dynamics and transformation of land tenure conflict in a village of Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100137. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100137. Land tenure conflicts remain a persistent challenge in Indonesia's social forestry programs, particularly in areas with overlapping historical claims and evolving governance frameworks. This study aims to analyse the dynamics and transformations of land tenure conflicts in Java, Indonesia, using the Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA) approach. A qualitative case study design was employed, combining in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis involving multiple stakeholders. The research findings indicate that land ownership conflicts are shaped by the history of land claims and divergent interests between communities and forest management authorities. Two contrasting conflict trajectories were identified: (i) long-standing conflicts with limited institutional resolution, and (ii) adaptive transformations driven by community engagement and policy shifts within social forestry schemes. This study proposes conflict-resolution mechanisms to reconfigure land governance structures through policy interventions and to reshape actor power dynamics that promote community participation within a framework of decentralized forest management. This study highlights the importance of participatory governance, strengthening local institutions, and adaptive policy frameworks in transforming land tenure conflicts. These findings contribute to a better understanding of conflict dynamics in social forestry and provide practical insights for improving land tenure governance in Indonesia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conflict transformation, forest tenure reform, Java, KHDPK, policy interventions
  topic: keywords
creator: RAMLI RAMADHAN
creator: ALESANDRO TITAN
creator: ANANG BAGUS RAHAYU
creator: TATAG MUTTAQIN
creator: AWAN SETIA DHARMAWAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RAMLI RAMADHAN, ALESANDRO TITAN, ANANG BAGUS RAHAYU, TATAG MUTTAQIN, AWAN SETIA DHARMAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100137

Comparative machine learning for forest landscape mapping in Mount Argapura, East Java, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Wulandari PW, Hernawan E, Sumarga E, Sulistyawati E. 2026. Comparative machine learning for forest landscape mapping in Mount Argapura, East Java, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100122. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100122. Monitoring land cover is essential for understanding forest landscape structure and supporting sustainable management in mountainous regions. This study mapped land cover in the Mount Argapura landscape, East Java, Indonesia, using 2024 Landsat 8/9 imagery combined with topographic variables and topographic and texture metrics. Seven land-cover classes were identified: Natural Forest, Plantation Forest, Plantation Estate, Dryland Agriculture, Open Land, Settlements, and Water Bodies. Three machine-learning classifiers Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were evaluated using Overall Accuracy (OA), Kappa (κ), 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), and McNemar’s test. Results indicate that RF achieved the highest performance (OA=0.98; κ=0.97), significantly outperforming CART (OA=0.97; κ=0.96) and SVM (OA=0.87; κ=0.82). At the class level, RF showed high stability (User’s Accuracy 0.98 for forest classes), while SVM struggled with spectral confusion between plantation and Dryland Agriculture. Spatial analysis reveals a landscape dominated by managed forest systems, with Plantation Forest covering 36.3% (35,544.33 ha) and Natural Forest covering 32.7% (32,043.51 ha). Together with Plantation Estates (22.1%), these vegetated classes account for over 91% of the 97,923.33 ha study area. Comparison with the official Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) map showed moderate agreement (OA=0.54; κ=0.30), with this study identifying a larger extent of managed plantation landscapes (35,544.33 ha vs. 12,053 ha in MoEF). This discrepancy highlights the importance of local-scale mapping for capturing site-specific details. The findings provide a robust baseline for BKSDA and Pe…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Forest landscape, Landsat, land cover mapping, Mount Argapura, Random Forest
  topic: keywords
creator: P. WIJAYATI WULANDARI
creator: ENDANG HERNAWAN
creator: ELHAM SUMARGA
creator: ENDAH SULISTYAWATI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 P. WIJAYATI WULANDARI, ENDANG HERNAWAN, ELHAM SUMARGA, ENDAH SULISTYAWATI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
doi: 10.13057/asianjfor/r100122