Asian Journal of Agriculture
type: channel
description: Encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management. Scopus (Q4)
publisher: Smujo International
language: en
publication name: Asian Journal of Agriculture
issn: 2580-4537
items: Sustainability transitions and potential naturalization risk in the trade and cultivation of Selaginella kraussiana in tropical Indonesia
items: Compatibility-based selection of native fungi from oil palm empty fruit bunches for potential consortium development
items: Determinants of sustainable integrated cattle-rice farming systems in Indonesia
items: Determinants and allocative efficiency of milkfish (Chanos chanos) production in polyculture systems in Pangkep District, Indonesia
items: Principal component analysis-based soil quality assessment of agronomic management practices in Marawi City, Philippines
items: Integrated institutional model and API-based information system for seaweed agribusiness governance in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
items: Transformational leadership and field-level accountability in smallholder beef cattle development under environmental uncertainty
items: A comprehensive assessment of phenotypic diversity, multivariate relationships, and trait associations in wild oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) collections in Ghana
items: Sodium alginate-coconut oil edible coating delayed postharvest senescence and enhanced antioxidant capacity of lemon (Citrus latifolia) fruit
items: Characterization, classification, and crop suitability of selected soils in the Ramain Subwatershed, Philippines
items: Evaluation of Bacillus cereus bioinoculants for biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight and growth promotion in shallots
items: Determinants of paddy farmers' market information-seeking behavior in Soppeng District, Indonesia as implications for adaptive decision making toward sustainable agriculture
items: Efficiency of shower and sprinkler irrigation system on curly red chili in coastal area Kulon Progo, Indonesia, using a stochastic frontier approach
items: Compositional protein and lipid quality indices in Salak (Salacca zalacca) snack bars fortified with Moringa oleifera
items: Low-cost media for Bt-based biopesticides mass production and their efficacy against Spodoptera frugiperda
items: Physical properties, nutritional composition, and antioxidant profiles of five varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seeds
items: Comparative effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction configuration method on the physicochemical characteristics of tuna skin gelatin
items: Effect of Trichormus variabilis biomass concentration and application method on cucumber growth under Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) infection
items: Determining priority strategies for chili agribusiness development through an integrated strategic analysis framework in Tolitoli District, Indonesia
items: Optimizing banana corm-based local microorganisms for reduced NPK fertilization in pak choi (Brassica rapa)
items: Bamboo vinegar as a sustainable botanical alternative for managing pineapple mealybugs, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
items: Oil palm seedling growth in media amended with fifty percent dairy farm effluent compost under reduced fertiliser input
items: Phytoremediation potentials of eight plant species on the tropical gold mine reclamation site in North Sumatra, Indonesia
items: Characterization of acid-modified corn cob biochar for potential alkaline soil remediation
items: Farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm pest management practices in Bali, Indonesia
items: Economic and technological drivers of rural youth engagement in sugar palm agro-industry in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
items: Identification and inventory of bagworms on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Sungai Rengit Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia
items: SWOT-AHP analysis of youth participation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, palm sugar agroforestry
items: Livelihood vulnerability and resilience of rainfed rice farmers to climate change in Java, Indonesia
items: The influence of social media marketing on Generation Z’s buying behavior of livestock products

Sustainability transitions and potential naturalization risk in the trade and cultivation of Selaginella kraussiana in tropical Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Setyawan AD, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto, Dianti. 2025. Sustainability transitions and potential naturalization risk in the trade and cultivation of Selaginella kraussiana in tropical Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 925-945. Selaginella kraussiana has recently become popular as a tropical ornamental plant in Indonesia because of its attractive morphology, rapid vegetative growth, and suitability for humid shaded environments. However, information regarding the multidimensional sustainability of its cultivation and trade systems remains limited, particularly concerning ecological resilience, socio-economic performance, and potential naturalization risk associated with ornamental dissemination. This study evaluated the sustainability of S. kraussiana cultivation and trade systems in Central Java, Indonesia, using a RAPFISH-based multidimensional framework integrated with SWOT-TOWS analysis. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and environmental assessments involving 40 ornamental plant farmers and traders. Sustainability evaluation included ecological, economic, social, technological, and institutional dimensions. The ecological dimension achieved the highest sustainability index (83.93%), indicating highly sustainable cultivation conditions supported by humid microclimates and vegetative propagation systems. Economic sustainability was categorized as moderately sustainable (58.29%), whereas social sustainability remained low sustainable (36.70%). Technological and institutional dimensions showed unsustainable conditions (18.29%) due to limited innovation, weak institutional support, and low organizational integration. Monte Carlo validation confirmed strong RAPFISH ordination reliability with stress values below 0.25 and coefficients of determination (R²) above 0.94. The study indicates that increasing ornamental trade and repeated movement of vegetative planting materials may elevate propagule pressure and warrant…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multidimensional sustainability, naturalization risk, ornamental horticulture, RAPFISH, Selaginella kraussiana
  topic: keywords
creator: AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
creator: SUTARNO SUTARNO
creator: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
creator: SUNARTO SUNARTO
creator: DIANTI DIANTI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN, SUTARNO, SUGIYARTO, SUNARTO, DIANTI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090259

Compatibility-based selection of native fungi from oil palm empty fruit bunches for potential consortium development
type: item
description: Abstract. Widiani N, Irawan B, Agustrina R, Setiawan A. 2026. Compatibility-based selection of native fungi from oil palm empty fruit bunches for potential consortium development. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100169. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100169. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are an abundant lignocellulosic biomass in tropical agroecosystems but remain underutilized due to their recalcitrant structure and slow natural decomposition. This study aimed to isolate native fungal strains from EFB and evaluate their compatibility as a basis for selecting candidates for microbial consortium development. Twelve fungal isolates were successfully obtained and morphologically characterized, predominantly belonging to the genus Aspergillus, with representatives of Penicillium and Mucor. Interactions among isolates were evaluated using a dual culture assay, revealing diverse compatibility patterns. Of the 50 pairings evaluated, 32% were classified as compatible, 24% as partially compatible, and 44% as incompatible, indicating that antagonistic interactions were prevalent among the isolates. To further investigate interaction dynamics, compatibility data were analyzed using Cooperativeness Scoring (CS), heatmap visualization, and network analysis. These approaches enabled a quantitative and structural assessment of interaction patterns, demonstrating that compatibility among isolates is selective rather than universal. Isolates such as BKR10, BKR2, and BKR3 showed relatively high compatibility and central positions within the interaction network, indicating their potential as candidates for consortium development based solely on compatibility metrics. However, it should be noted that this study was limited to in vitro interaction assays, and functional lignocellulose degradation was not evaluated. Therefore, the identified isolates should be regarded as preliminary candidates that require further functional validation. This study provides a systematic framework for …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compatibility screening, dual culture assay, empty fruit bunch composting, fungal interaction network, lignocellulose biomass
  topic: keywords
creator: NURHAIDA WIDIANI
creator: BAMBANG IRAWAN
creator: ROCHMAH AGUSTRINA
creator: ANDI SETIAWAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 NURHAIDA WIDIANI, BAMBANG IRAWAN, ROCHMAH AGUSTRINA, ANDI SETIAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100169

Determinants of sustainable integrated cattle-rice farming systems in Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Malik A, Setiadi A, Mariyono J, Sutaryo S. 2026. Determinants of sustainable integrated cattle-rice farming systems in Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100168. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100168. The Agricultural System Integrated Cattle-Rice Farming (ASICRF) represents a strategic approach to promoting sustainable agricultural development through the optimization of local resource utilization and the improvement of farm performance. This study employs a Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach to examine the determinants of ASICRF sustainability within a performance-mediated framework. Data were collected from 280 farmers practicing ASICRF across four major rice and cattle (Bos indicus) production districts in Central Java Province, Indonesia. In the proposed model, sustainability is specified as the endogenous variable, system performance as the mediating variable, and technical production practices, farm economics, institutional systems, and environmental and resource factors as exogenous variables. The results indicate strong explanatory power, with R2 values of 0.709 for system performance and 0.742 for system sustainability. Technical production practices, institutional systems, and environmental and resource factors significantly and positively affect system performance, with environmental and resource factors exerting the strongest influence. In contrast, farm economics does not significantly affect system performance. System performance is confirmed as a key mediating variable linking upstream determinants to sustainability outcomes. These findings suggest that sustainability in ASICRF is closely associated with improvements in overall system performance rather than relying solely on technical or economic inputs. In the context of ASICRF, sustainability may reflect farmers’ perceived ability to continuously adopt the system, use resources more efficiently, maintain stable productivity, and generate long-term…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Circular agriculture, environmental resource efficiency, integrated farming systems, institutional capacity, SEM-PLS
  topic: keywords
creator: AFRIZAL MALIK
creator: AGUS SETIADI
creator: JOKO MARIYONO
creator: SUTARYO SUTARYO
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AFRIZAL MALIK, AGUS SETIADI, JOKO MARIYONO, SUTARYO SUTARYO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-16
publication date: 2026-06-16
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100168

Determinants and allocative efficiency of milkfish (Chanos chanos) production in polyculture systems in Pangkep District, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Asruddin, Nadja RA, Salam M, Arief AA. 2026. Determinants and allocative efficiency of milkfish (Chanos chanos) production in polyculture systems in Pangkep District, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100159. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100159. The use of polyculture systems in milkfish (Chanos chanos) farming is implemented to increase productivity and improve farmers’ income. This study aims to analyze the technical factors affecting milkfish production and to determine the allocative efficiency of the combination of production inputs used by farmers. The research was conducted in Pangkep District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, during the 2023 production cycle. Primary data were collected through structured interviews using questionnaires with 117 milkfish farmers applying polyculture farming systems. A Cobb-Douglas production function was employed to examine the factors influencing milkfish production per production cycle, while an allocative efficiency analysis evaluated the ratio of marginal value product to input price (MVP/Px). The variables observed included land area, seed stocking, additional feed, fertilizer, medicines, labor, and capital. The results show that land area, seed stocking, additional feed, fertilizer, and labor have a positive and statistically significant effect on milkfish production (p < 0.05), whereas medicines and capital do not show a significant effect. The allocative efficiency analysis indicates that several production inputs have not yet been utilized at economically optimal levels. The estimated optimal input levels per farm per production cycle include a land area of 2.117 ha, seed stocking of 15,874 fish, additional feed of 978.528 kg, fertilizer of 318.991 kg, and labor of 45.447 man-days. These findings suggest that improving the allocation of key production inputs could enhance production performance and economic efficiency in milkfish polyculture farming systems
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Allocative efficiency, aquaculture economics, Cobb-Douglas production function, input use, resource allocation
  topic: keywords
creator: ASRUDDIN ASRUDDIN
creator: RAHMAWATY A. NADJA
creator: MUSLIM SALAM
creator: ANDI ADRI ARIEF
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ASRUDDIN, RAHMAWATY A. NADJA, MUSLIM SALAM, ANDI ADRI ARIEF https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100159

Principal component analysis-based soil quality assessment of agronomic management practices in Marawi City, Philippines
type: item
description: Abstract. Ouano AC, Escomen EO. 2026. Principal component analysis-based soil quality assessment of agronomic management practices in Marawi City, Philippines. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100141. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100141. Soil Quality (SQ) is essential for agricultural sustainability and food security. This study evaluated 17 agricultural areas at the Mindanao State University Main Campus in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines (MSU Main), using a Principal Component Analysis-based Soil Quality Index (PCA-SQI). Composite soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological properties to identify associations with historical management practices. The PCA accounted for 78.00% of the cumulative variance. Ten indicators were retained from 17 measured parameters using PCA-based minimum data set selection criteria (silt, organic matter, pH, porosity, void ratio, volumetric moisture content, total nitrogen, clay, sand, and earthworm density) to formulate the SQI. Fifteen areas exhibited SQI values between 0.50 and 0.80 (medium suitability), while two severely degraded areas had indices of 0.4733 and 0.4932. Descriptive analysis revealed that areas subjected to continuous monocropping, conventional tillage, and exclusive synthetic fertilizer use were associated with lower SQI values, whereas sites employing integrated nutrient management and reduced tillage practices exhibited relatively higher soil functional capacity. Although statistical comparisons showed no significant differences across management categories (p>0.05), observable trends suggest that localized agronomic practices are descriptively associated with soil quality dynamics. Overall, the PCA-SQI framework provides a practical, site-specific diagnostic approach to evaluate soil functional status and highlights that integrating organic amendments and reducing tillage are vital for localized rehabilitation, though causal inferences remain limited by the observationa…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conservation tillage, organic fertilizer, soil degradation, sustainable soil management, upland agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: ANALIZA C. OUANO
creator: EDGEL O. ESCOMEN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ANALIZA C. OUANO, EDGEL O. ESCOMEN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100141

Integrated institutional model and API-based information system for seaweed agribusiness governance in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Haruna B, Yunarti, Zam W. 2026. Integrated institutional model and API-based information system for seaweed agribusiness governance in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100170. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100170. This study aimed to strengthen the governance of the seaweed agribusiness value chain in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, by developing an integrated institutional model and API-based information system. Preliminary analysis shows that the value chain is still characterized by information asymmetry, the dominance of intermediaries in market access, weak coordination between actors, and the lack of digital recording and consistent quality standards. This condition increases the cost of information, negotiation, and monitoring, and limits the bargaining position of farmers. The research uses a qualitative case study approach through in-depth interviews, FGD, document analysis, and expert validation. The data is thematically analyzed to map the actors, governance relationships, and main sources of transaction costs. The results of the analysis were used to design a new institutional model that strengthens the role of cooperatives and farmer groups as nodes for coordination, data consolidation, and collective negotiation, while improving working relationships with local governments, financial institutions, exporters, and universities. The model is operationalized through an API-based information system that supports data exchange, production recording, market demand, and documentation of transactions between actors. Validation is carried out through simulation-based functional testing of key operational scenarios, including production recording, market demand delivery, harvest ordering, and data synchronization between authorized users. The test results showed that the system was able to run key process flows consistently and provide a more transparent digital footprint for coordination needs. In agribusiness, this design has the p…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: API-driven platform, institutional model, seaweed agribusiness, transaction costs, value chain governance
  topic: keywords
creator: BUDIMAN HARUNA
creator: YUNARTI YUNARTI
creator: WAHYUNI ZAM
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 BUDIMAN HARUNA, YUNARTI, WAHYUNI ZAM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100170

Transformational leadership and field-level accountability in smallholder beef cattle development under environmental uncertainty
type: item
description: Abstract. Fathurohman F, Ekowati T, Gayatri S, Adiwinarti R, Nurtanti I, Fajri NA, Mukminah N, Rahmawati R. 2026. Transformational leadership and field-level accountability in smallholder beef cattle development under environmental uncertainty. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100143. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100143. Accountability within Indonesia’s smallholder beef cattle development program (SIKOMANDAN) is crucial for ensuring national meat security, yet program implementation frequently faces complex field-level challenges such as biological risks and resource instability. This study investigates the institutional determinants of program accountability, focusing on the direct effects of System Integrity (SI), Internal Control Systems (ICS), and Transformational Leadership (TL), alongside the moderating roles of Organizational Commitment (OC) and Environmental Uncertainty (EU). A quantitative survey was conducted using a purposive sampling technique in Subang District, West Java, Indonesia, involving 125 local government officials and agricultural extension workers. Empirical data were evaluated using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test both direct and interaction effects. The results show that Transformational Leadership (β = 0.458, p < 0.001) and System Integrity (β = 0.392, p < 0.001) significantly enhance accountability, with the model explaining 76.4% of variance (R² = 0.764). In contrast, the Internal Control System has no significant direct effect (β = -0.017, p = 0.814). Organizational Commitment emerges as a significant independent predictor (β = 0.512, p < 0.001) rather than a moderator. Environmental Uncertainty shows no direct effect but indicates a borderline negative effect on internal controls (β = -0.135, p = 0.058). These findings highlight that accountability in livestock governance is driven more by leadership and system integrity than by formal control mechanisms alone. Strengthening adaptive governance thr…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adaptive governance, animal disease outbreaks, beef cattle, program accountability, transformational leadership
  topic: keywords
creator: FERDI FATHUROHMAN
creator: TITIK EKOWATI
creator: SIWI GAYATRI
creator: RETNO ADIWINARTI
creator: INA NURTANTI
creator: NEFI ANDRIANA FAJRI
creator: NURUL MUKMINAH
creator: RAHMI RAHMAWATI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 FERDI FATHUROHMAN, INA NURTANTI, NEFI ANDRIANA FAJRI, NURUL MUKMINAH, RAHMI RAHMAWATI, TITIK EKOWATI, SIWI GAYATRI, RETNO ADIWINARTI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100143

A comprehensive assessment of phenotypic diversity, multivariate relationships, and trait associations in wild oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) collections in Ghana
type: item
description: Abstract. Darkwah DO, Agyei-Dwarko D, Osei SA, Fiawona B, Banafo S, Sackitey JO, Sapey E. 2026. A comprehensive assessment of phenotypic diversity, multivariate relationships, and trait associations in wild oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) collections in Ghana. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100173. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100173. The CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute in Ghana conserves 135 wild oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) accessions in its ex-situ gene bank. Due to the narrow genetic base of current Deli dura breeding populations, this study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic diversity and breeding potential of these accessions using multivariate analysis. An augmented experimental design with two replicated Deli dura checks was used to assess 25 agro-morphological traits. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and Pearson’s correlation in R software. Significant variation was observed among accessions for 20 traits. High genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, and genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for fresh fruit bunch yield (25.42%, 90.76%, 49.96%), bunch number (24.32%, 80.18%, 44.92%), and average bunch weight (20.01%, 83.44%, 37.70%). Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into four major clusters independent of geographic origin. Seven principal components with eigenvalues greater than one explained 82.66% of the total phenotypic variation, while both positive and negative trait associations were observed. The findings reveal substantial phenotypic diversity among Ghanaian wild oil palm collections, highlighting their potential for breeding, genetic base broadening, germplasm conservation, and future core collection development, pending validation with molecular markers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Augmented design, evaluation, Ghanaian oil palm germplasm, multivariate analysis, phenotypic diversity
  topic: keywords
creator: DICKSON OSEI DARKWAH
creator: DANIEL AGYEI-DWARKO
creator: SAMUEL ADU OSEI
creator: BRIGHT FIAWONA
creator: SAMUEL BANAFO
creator: JOHNNY OSSOM SACKITEY
creator: ENOCH SAPEY
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 DICKSON OSEI DARKWAH, DANIEL AGYEI-DWARKO, SAMUEL ADU OSEI, BRIGHT FIAWONA, SAMUEL BANAFO, JOHNNY OSSOM SACKITEY, ENOCH SAPEY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100173

Sodium alginate-coconut oil edible coating delayed postharvest senescence and enhanced antioxidant capacity of lemon (Citrus latifolia) fruit
type: item
description: Abstract. Truc NT, Nhung DTC. 2026. Sodium alginate-coconut oil edible coating delayed postharvest senescence and enhanced antioxidant capacity of lemon (Citrus latifolia) fruit. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100156. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100156. Postharvest quality deterioration of lemon fruit is closely associated with physiological metabolism and oxidative stress during storage. This study investigated the efficacy of Sodium Alginate (SA) and Coconut Oil (CO) coatings, applied individually or in combination, in regulating physiological metabolism, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense responses of lemon fruit during ambient storage. Fruits were assigned to four treatments (Control, SA, CO, and SA-CO) using a completely randomized design with three replicates per treatment. Coated and uncoated fruits were stored at 25℃ for 18 days, and key physiological (moisture loss, color), biochemical (vitamin C, total phenolics), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant enzyme indicators were periodically evaluated. Relative to the control, the combined SA-CO coating markedly delayed deterioration. By day 18, SA-CO treated fruit showed weight loss of about 14%, which was roughly 2.5 percentage points lower than the control. Chlorophyll degradation was reduced, with SA-CO fruit retaining around 185 mg kg-1 chlorophyll, approximately 40 mg kg-1 higher than the control. Antioxidant compounds were better preserved, with vitamin C maintained at nearly 0.29 g kg-1 and total phenolics reaching about 0.15 g GAE kg-1, both slightly higher than the control. The coating also improved antioxidant enzyme regulation. At the end of storage, SOD activity in SA-CO fruit was close to 29 U mg-1 protein, substantially lower than the control, whereas APX and CAT activities increased by about 12 U mg-1 and 25 U mg-1 protein, respectively. Correspondingly, reactive oxygen species decreased, with superoxide radicals recorded at around 1.5 mmol NO₂ kg-1 s-1 and hydrogen peroxide at…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alginate coating, antioxidant enzymes, coconut oil, lemon fruit, reactive oxygen species
  topic: keywords
creator: NGUYEN TRUNG TRUC
creator: DUONG THI CAM NHUNG
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 NGUYEN TRUNG TRUC, DUONG THI CAM NHUNG https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100156

Characterization, classification, and crop suitability of selected soils in the Ramain Subwatershed, Philippines
type: item
description: Abstract. Escomen EO, Mapandi ARM, Ambos AJA, Jose FKNJS, Ouano AC, Ambos AL, Jalova Jr. MC. 2026. Characterization, classification, and crop suitability of selected soils in the Ramain Subwatershed, Philippines. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100153. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100153. Sustainable agricultural development requires site- and soil-specific technologies. This study aimed to characterize, classify, and assess the land suitability of select soils in the Ramain Subwatershed, Philippines, derived from three representative pedons. Reconnaissance surveys, soil pedon identification and preparation, soil sampling, and physico-chemical analyses were conducted on select areas within the Ramain Subwatershed. Three representative pedons were analyzed through field characterization and physico-chemical analyses, followed by classification using the USDA Soil Taxonomy and land evaluation based on the FAO framework coupled with the parametric square-root method. Land suitability assessment of the three representative pedons indicated that no areas were highly suitable (S1) for the selected crops. Oil palm and banana showed moderate suitability (S2; LSI up to 67.19 and 56.68, respectively), primarily limited by drainage and soil texture. Several crops, including sugarcane and mango, were classified as marginally suitable (S3) due to constraints in texture and organic carbon. Meanwhile, Arabica coffee and cocoa were not suitable within the evaluated pedons because of combined climatic and physico-chemical limitations. These overarching constraints-particularly poor drainage, strong soil acidity, and low phosphorus availability-highlight the limitations of blanket agricultural recommendations and emphasize the necessity of targeted amelioration strategies to enhance productivity and sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: FAO framework, Lanao del Sur, parametric land evaluation, pedon characterization, soil taxonomy
  topic: keywords
creator: EDGEL O. ESCOMEN
creator: ABDUL RACMAN M. MAPANDI
creator: ALLYSA JOIE A. AMBOS
creator: FELIX KENT NEIL J. SAN JOSE
creator: ANALIZA C. OUANO
creator: ALBERTO L. AMBOS
creator: MELENCIO C. JALOVA JR.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EDGEL O. ESCOMEN, ABDUL RACMAN M. MAPANDI, ALLYSA JOIE A. AMBOS, FELIX KENT NEIL J. SAN JOSE, ANALIZA C. OUANO, ALBERTO L. AMBOS, MELENCIO C. JALOVA JR. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100153

Evaluation of Bacillus cereus bioinoculants for biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight and growth promotion in shallots
type: item
description: Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Arifianto RA, Istiqomah D, Irwandhi. 2026. Evaluation of Bacillus cereus bioinoculants for biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight and growth promotion in shallots. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100136. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100136. Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii) is a major disease of shallots (Allium cepa) that requires continuous control. The use of rhizobacterial bioinoculants is an environmentally friendly strategy that serves a dual role, as a biocontrol and a plant growth promoter. This study aims to evaluate the bioinoculant Bacillus cereus in controlling bacterial leaf blight and increasing shallot growth. This research was conducted using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors (cropping pattern and biofertilizer) and 3 replications. All B. cereus treatments inhibited the pathogen's growth in vitro via a bacteriostatic mechanism, with isolate Bm3 producing the largest inhibition zone (14.75 mm). In addition, each B. cereus isolate can produce siderophores and proteases, as well as dissolve phosphate. In field tests, B. cereus treatment can significantly reduce disease development compared to the control. The consortium treatment tended to show the highest efficacy, with low disease intensity (8.33%), control effectiveness of 51.93%, reduced AUDPC (23.50%), and increased nutrient uptake of shallot. These results indicate that the B. cereus bioinoculant, in the form of a consortium, has the potential to be an effective multifunctional inoculant for controlling bacterial leaf blight and enhancing growth in sustainable shallot cultivation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bacillus cereus, bacterial leaf blight, shallot, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii
  topic: keywords
creator: NUR PRIHATININGSIH
creator: ROBI AZIS ARIFIANTO
creator: DINA ISTIQOMAH
creator: IRWANDHI IRWANDHI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 NUR PRIHATININGSIH, ROBI AZIS ARIFIANTO, DINA ISTIQOMAH, IRWANDHI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100136

Determinants of paddy farmers' market information-seeking behavior in Soppeng District, Indonesia as implications for adaptive decision making toward sustainable agriculture
type: item
description: Abstract. Ardiansyah MFP, Salam M, Jamil MH, Rukka RM, Darma R, Akzar R. 2026. Determinants of paddy farmers' market information-seeking behavior in Soppeng District, Indonesia as implications for adaptive decision making toward sustainable agriculture. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100152. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100152. Access to accurate and timely agricultural market information is essential for improving farmers' decision-making, market participation, adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, biodiversity conservation, and their ability to respond to economic and environmental uncertainty, ultimately promoting sustainable agriculture. However, many farmers remain reluctant to seek such information actively. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of paddy farmers' market information-seeking behavior, explicitly distinguishing it from general agricultural information access that dominates existing studies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 190 paddy farmers in Soppeng District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, selected using Cochrans' sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Descriptive results show that farmer groups (30.43%) are the primary source of market information, followed by independent searching (20.11%), extension workers (19.02%), and fellow farmers (18.48%). Logistic regression results indicate that age (β = -0.080; p < 0.05) and farming experience (β = -0.045; p < 0.10) negatively influence information-seeking behavior, while education (β = 0.325; p < 0.01), crop diversification (β = 2.790; p < 0.01), extension contact (β = 0.148; p < 0.10), market distance (β = 0.515; p < 0.10), and credit access (β = 1.273; p < 0.05) have positive effects. The model demonstrates good fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.881) and strong explanatory power (Nagelkerke R² = 0.665). These findings suggest that market information seeking is a behavioral response shaped by farmers' capacity, institu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Binary logistic regression, market information, farmers' behavior, rural agricultural systems, sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: MUH. FARREL PRAYOGA ARDIANSYAH
creator: MUSLIM SALAM
creator: MUHAMMAD HATTA JAMIL
creator: RUSLI M. RUKKA
creator: RAHIM DARMA
creator: RIDA AKZAR
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MUH. FARREL PRAYOGA ARDIANSYAH, MUSLIM SALAM, MUHAMMAD HATTA JAMIL, RUSLI M. RUKKA, RAHIM DARMA, RIDA AKZAR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100152

Efficiency of shower and sprinkler irrigation system on curly red chili in coastal area Kulon Progo, Indonesia, using a stochastic frontier approach
type: item
description: Abstract. Fivintari FR, Nurmalita, Ikhsan J, Mulyono, Ekawati FI, Yunanto, Ardila RA. 2026. Efficiency of shower and sprinkler irrigation system on curly red chili in coastal area Kulon Progo, Indonesia, using a stochastic frontier approach. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100161. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100161. Coastal agriculture faces significant production challenges due to sandy soil characteristics, limited water retention, and increasing pressure on water resources. Improving irrigation efficiency is therefore essential to enhance productivity and sustainability in these environments. This study aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of curly red chili production under shower and sprinkler irrigation systems in the coastal area of Kulon Progo, Indonesia. The analysis employs a Cobb–Douglas production function estimated using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach, which allows for the separation of random shocks and technical inefficiency in agricultural production. Both irrigation groups were technically efficient, with average technical efficiency levels above 0.7. However, sprinkler irrigation was more efficient than shower irrigation, with average scores of 0.902 and 0.795, respectively. Overall, the curly red chili farming business can achieve a maximum production of around 82.2% by using a combination of various production factors, suggesting that output could still be increased by approximately 17.8% through better input management and technology adoption without expanding resource use. The findings further demonstrate that irrigation technology plays a critical role in determining production efficiency. In particular, sprinkler irrigation is found to be more technically efficient than shower irrigation, reflecting its advantages in water distribution and labor use in sandy coastal conditions. These results highlight the importance of appropriate irrigation system selection as a key strategy for improving farm performance in coastal ag…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Coastal farming, efficiency, irrigation, production, stochastic frontier
  topic: keywords
creator: FRANCY RISVANSUNA FIVINTARI
creator: NURMALITA NURMALITA
creator: JAZAUL IKHSAN
creator: MULYONO MULYONO
creator: FRANCY IRIANI EKAWATI
creator: YUNANTO YUNANTO
creator: RISKA AULA ARDILA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 FRANCY RISVANSUNA FIVINTARI, NURMALITA, JAZAUL IKHSAN, MULYONO, FRANCY IRIANI EKAWATI, YUNANTO, RISKA AULA ARDILA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-21
publication date: 2026-05-21
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100161

Compositional protein and lipid quality indices in Salak (Salacca zalacca) snack bars fortified with Moringa oleifera
type: item
description: Abstract. Romadhoni IF, Iriyani D, Ismawati R, Raharja KT. 2026. Compositional protein and lipid quality indices in Salak (Salacca zalacca) snack bars fortified with Moringa oleifera. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100165. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100165. This study evaluated whether graded incorporation of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder (MOLP) induces coordinated remodeling of protein and lipid composition in salak (Salacca zalacca) flour-based snack bars. A completely randomized design was used with five fortification levels (0-8% w/w MOLP substitution in salak flour), each replicated in three independent batches (n = 3). Indispensable amino acid composition of the snack bars was quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) after acid hydrolysis and pre-column derivatization. Amino acid adequacy was evaluated relative to the FAO/WHO/UNU adult reference pattern through Amino Acid Scoring (AAS). Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and lipid distribution was interpreted using composite indices including the Atherogenic Index (AI), Thrombogenic Index (TI), and the n-6/n-3 ratio. MOLP fortification produced a clear dose-dependent increase in the density of indispensable amino acids. Lysine increased from 36.13 to 58.71 mg g⁻¹ protein, correcting the intrinsic lysine limitation of the fruit-derived matrix, whereas sulfur amino acids remained limiting across treatments. Fatty acid redistribution resulted in moderate increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 36.05% of total fatty acids). Composite lipid indices remained within balanced compositional ranges, with AI decreasing to 0.95, TI reaching 0.62, and the n-6/n-3 ratio maintained at 1.32 despite a constant palm oil source. These findings demonstrate that moderate MOLP inclusion (6-8%) can simultaneously modify indispensable amino acid adequacy and lipid compositional indices in a fruit-based snack matrix. Because digestibilit…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Amino acid score, fatty acid profile, Moringa oleifera, protein quality, Salacca zalacca
  topic: keywords
creator: ITA FATKHUR ROMADHONI
creator: DWI IRIYANI
creator: RITA ISMAWATI
creator: KRISTIAN TRIATMAJA RAHARJA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ITA FATKHUR ROMADHONI, DWI IRIYANI, RITA ISMAWATI, KRISTIAN TRIATMAJA RAHARJA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-08
publication date: 2026-06-08
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100165

Low-cost media for Bt-based biopesticides mass production and their efficacy against Spodoptera frugiperda
type: item
description: Abstract. Djunaedy A, Julivia AR, Apriliawati, Pawana G, Megasari D, Khoiri S. 2026. Low-cost media for Bt-based biopesticides mass production and their efficacy against Spodoptera frugiperda. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100164. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100164. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest that threatens maize production worldwide. Biopesticides derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) offer a sustainable alternative to chemical insecticides; however, their widespread adoption is often constrained by the high cost of production media. This study aimed to develop low-cost media using locally available flours (tapioca, arrowroot, mung bean, and soybean) for Bt-based biopesticide production and to evaluate their efficacy against S. frugiperda larvae. Bacillus thuringiensis strain Bt21was inoculated into each low-cost medium, and their bacterial growth was recorded. Bacterial viability during eight weeks of storage was monitored weekly using the spread agar methods. Insecticidal activity was evaluated through larval bioassays using ten larvae per experimental unit with four replications. Larval mortality was recorded and determined using probit analysis to estimate Lethal Concentration (LC) and Lethal Time (LT) values. The results showed that among the four flour, tapioca-based medium supported the highest bacterial growth and maintained viability over time compared with others. At 15% concentration, Bt formulations using tapioca and arrowroot resulted in the highest larval mortality (95% and 90%, respectively), with low LC₅₀ values (1.67% and 1.80%) and rapid LT₅₀ value (3.20 h and 9.07 h). In contrast, mung bean and soybean-based media were found less effective, exhibiting higher LC and LT values. These findings demonstrate that substrate composition significantly influences bacterial viability and insecticidal activity. In conclusion, tapioca and arrowroot flours are effective and low-cost substrates for Bt-based biopesticide pr…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arrowroot, Bacillus thuringiensis, biopesticide, pest management, Spodoptera frugiperda
  topic: keywords
creator: ACHMAD DJUNAEDY
creator: ADINDA ROHMA JULIVIA
creator: APRILIAWATI APRILIAWATI
creator: GITA PAWANA
creator: DITA MEGASARI
creator: SYAIFUL KHOIRI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ACHMAD DJUNAEDY, ADINDA ROHMA JULIVIA, APRILIAWATI, GITA PAWANA, DITA MEGASARI, SYAIFUL KHOIRI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-24
publication date: 2026-05-24
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100164

Physical properties, nutritional composition, and antioxidant profiles of five varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seeds
type: item
description: Abstract. Nurrahman, Suyanto A, Astuti R, Dewi YK, Amalia N. 2026. Physical properties, nutritional composition, and antioxidant profiles of five varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seeds. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100132. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100132. Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seeds, in terms of their chemical and nutritional components, have potential as a functional food. The bioactive components contained in pumpkin seeds include carotenoids, tocopherols, antioxidants, and sterols. Pumpkin seed is also rich in bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols, which have antioxidant activity and potential for pharmacological research. The aim of this research is to determine the physical properties, nutritional composition, and antioxidant profiles of five varieties of pumpkin seeds. The research was conducted on five varieties of pumpkin; the pumpkins were cut in half and the seeds were removed. Then, the weight and volume of the seeds were measured. After that, the tested composition covered levels of proximate, fiber, fatty acids, amino acids, β-carotene, total phenols, antioxidant activity, and vitamins C and E. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA method, and the LSD method was used to see the differences between each variety. Research results showed that the five varieties of pumpkin seeds had physical, compositional, nutritional, and antioxidant characteristics, as well as amino acids, that vary. The most common amino acids from the various varieties were glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid. The seeds of Kabocha pumpkin had a composition of proximate, nutrients, antioxidants, and amino acids that are higher compared to other pumpkin seeds varieties. Meanwhile, the highest fatty acids were in the Ketan variety. Different varieties of pumpkin seeds had different physical and chemical characteristics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant, nutrition, physic, pumpkin, seeds
  topic: keywords
creator: NURRAHMAN NURRAHMAN
creator: AGUS SUYANTO
creator: RAHAYU ASTUTI
creator: YUNIKE KUSUMA DEWI
creator: NUR AMALIA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 NURRAHMAN, AGUS SUYANTO, RAHAYU ASTUTI, YUNIKE KUSUMA DEWI, NUR AMALIA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100132

Comparative effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction configuration method on the physicochemical characteristics of tuna skin gelatin
type: item
description: Abstract. Muhtar I, Syahriati, Saleh R, Ahmad I, Ramlah S, Rosniati, Loppies JE. 2026. Comparative effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction configuration method on the physicochemical characteristics of tuna skin gelatin. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100129. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100129. Gelatin is a biopolymer widely used in the food industry. The main challenge lies in the low yield and quality of gelatin produced through conventional extraction methods. This study aims to enhance the efficiency and quality of tuna (Thunnus albacares) skin gelatin by employing various extraction configurations. Tuna skin obtained from industrial processing by-products is then cleaned, cut uniformly, weighed, and used for pre-treatment and extraction. Tuna skin samples were obtained from processing by-products at PT. Nirvana Niaga Sejahtera from Indonesia in 2025. The extraction methods used include Water Bath Extraction (WBE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Pre-Alkali-Acetic Treatment (UAE-PRAA), and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Post-Acetic Treatment (UAE-PSAA). The UAE process was carried out at 175 W power, 25 kHz frequency, and 55°C for 60 minutes. The parameters analyzed included yield, composition (protein, moisture, and ash contents), pH, viscosity, gel strength, and structural characteristics, as determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results showed that the UAE-PSAA method produced the highest yield (13.34±0.22%), significantly (p<0.05) greater than UAE-PRAA (6.60±0.15%) and WBE (5.01±0.12%). The highest protein content was found in WBE (81.39±0.02 g/100g) and UAE-PSAA (80.44±0.28 g/100g), while the lowest moisture content was observed in UAE-PSAA (5.16±0.17 g/100g), indicating better drying efficiency. The lowest ash content (0.62±0.02 g/100g) was also obtained from UAE-PSAA, reflecting higher extraction purity. Gel strength (164.32±0.04 g) and viscosity (10.00±0.05 cP) significantly (p<0.05) improved with the UAE-PSAA method. FTIR analysis revea…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: FTIR, gelatin extraction, physicochemical properties, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, water bath extraction
  topic: keywords
creator: IMRAN MUHTAR
creator: SYAHRIATI SYAHRIATI
creator: RAHMAWATI SALEH
creator: ILHAM AHMAD
creator: SITTI RAMLAH
creator: ROSNIATI ROSNIATI
creator: JUSTUS ELISA LOPPIES
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IMRAN MUHTAR, SYAHRIATI, RAHMAWATI SALEH, ILHAM AHMAD, SITTI RAMLAH, ROSNIATI, JUSTUS ELISA LOPPIES https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100129

Effect of Trichormus variabilis biomass concentration and application method on cucumber growth under Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) infection
type: item
description: Abstract. Alangood ZT, Al-Fahad MA. 2026. Effect of Trichormus variabilis biomass concentration and application method on cucumber growth under Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) infection. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100154. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100154. This study evaluated the effect of cyanobacterium Trichormus variabilis biomass on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) performance under Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) infection in open-field conditions. Viral infection was confirmed using CGMMV-specific ImmunoStrip assays prior to treatment application. The experiment was arranged in a factorial design including three concentrations of T. variabilis dried biomass suspension (50%, 75%, and 100%) and three application methods (seed soaking, foliar spraying, and soil drenching), in addition to healthy and infected controls. Biomass concentrations significantly influenced disease severity, disease incidence, chlorophyll content (SPAD), fruit weight, and fruit firmness. The 75% concentration consistently reduced disease severity and incidence and improved physiological and yield-related traits compared with the 50% concentration. For several parameters, no significant differences were detected between the 75% and 100% concentrations, indicating a plateau response at higher biomass levels. Application method had limited influence on most measured traits. Differences in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation were observed using a potassium iodide (KI)-based qualitative assay, indicating relative variation in oxidative status among treatments. The study was conducted during a single growing season, at one field location, and on a single cucumber cultivar, further multi-environment validation and standardized biomass characterization are required before making broader recommendations can be made. Overall, T. variabilis biomass at an intermediate concentration mitigated CGMMV-associated disease symptoms and improved cucumber productivity under the teste…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biostimulants, Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV), cyanobacteria, disease severity, Trichormus variabilis
  topic: keywords
creator: ZEAYD TAREQ ALANGOOD
creator: MAADH A. AL-FAHAD
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ZEAYD TAREQ ALANGOOD, MAADH A. AL-FAHAD https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100154

Determining priority strategies for chili agribusiness development through an integrated strategic analysis framework in Tolitoli District, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Alatas RR, Munir AR, Bahrun AH. 2026. Determining priority strategies for chili agribusiness development through an integrated strategic analysis framework in Tolitoli District, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100160. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100160. Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is a strategic horticultural commodity in Indonesia due to its high consumption level and significant influence on food price stability. In Tolitoli District, despite favorable agroclimatic conditions, chili productivity remains substantially below the provincial average (1.14 ton ha compared with 6.43 ton ha at the provincial level in 2023), while recurring price volatility contributes to regional inflation, reaching 7.21% year-on-year in 2024. These challenges are associated with weak farmer institutions, limited bargaining power, and fragmented agribusiness integration. This study aims to analyze internal and external factors, formulate alternative development strategies, and determine priority strategies for chili agribusiness development in Tolitoli District. A descriptive-exploratory mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating qualitative and quantitative data collected from key stakeholders. Data were analyzed sequentially using the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix, External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix, Grand Strategy Matrix, and SWOT analysis, followed by prioritization using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results indicate that chili agribusiness development is positioned in Quadrant I of the Grand Strategy Matrix, reflecting a strong competitive position and high growth potential. Institutional support emerges as the most influential criterion in determining strategic priorities. The development of area-based chili production centers, aligned with land potential and market demand, is identified as the top priority strategy. The AHP results demonstrate acceptable consistency, with a consistency ratio (CR) below the threshold of 0.1…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AHP, chili agribusiness, institutions, production clusters, Tolitoli District
  topic: keywords
creator: RILWANU RAHMAN ALATAS
creator: ABDUL RAZAK MUNIR
creator: ABD HARIS BAHRUN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RILWANU RAHMAN ALATAS, ABDUL RAZAK MUNIR, ABD HARIS BAHRUN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100160

Optimizing banana corm-based local microorganisms for reduced NPK fertilization in pak choi (Brassica rapa)
type: item
description: Abstract. Purba JH, Suarmika IGM, Prabawa PS. 2026. Optimizing banana corm-based local microorganisms for reduced NPK fertilization in pak choi (Brassica rapa). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100145. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100145. This study evaluated the effectiveness of banana corm-based local microorganisms (MOL) in reducing inorganic NPK fertilizer, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, inputs while maintaining pak choi (Brassica rapa) productivity, as measured by fresh and oven-dry biomass. This study quantitatively evaluates MOL × NPK interactions and identifies the agronomic optimum MOL dose using regression analysis, a topic that has rarely been addressed in previous MOL studies. The experiment was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024 in a lowland tropical agroecosystem in Bali, Indonesia, using a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors: three MOL doses (0, 30, and 60 mL polybag-¹) and four NPK levels (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the recommended dose). Growth and yield parameters included plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and fresh and oven-dry biomass of shoots, roots, and total plants. Analysis of variance showed that MOL application significantly affected leaf area, root biomass, and total biomass (p < 0.05), whereas NPK level alone was not significant. However, a significant MOL × NPK interaction was observed for root and total biomass (p < 0.05). The 30 mL MOL treatment combined with 50-75% NPK produced the highest biomass, indicating a synergistic effect and allowing up to a 50% reduction in inorganic NPK fertilizer without loss of productivity. Quadratic regression analysis identified an agronomic optimum MOL dose of approximately 33 mL polybag-¹ under reduced NPK conditions (R² = 0.82). This study provides quantitative evidence that integrating MOL with reduced NPK fertilization improves nutrient-use efficiency in pak choi cultivation. However, the results are based on a short-term pot experiment, an…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Banana-corm MOL, biofertilizer optimization, Brassica rapa, inorganic NPK fertilizer, yield response
  topic: keywords
creator: JHON HARDY PURBA
creator: I GUSTI MADE SUARMIKA
creator: PUTU SHANTIAWAN PRABAWA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JHON HARDY PURBA, I GUSTI MADE SUARMIKA, PUTU SHANTIAWAN PRABAWA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100145

Bamboo vinegar as a sustainable botanical alternative for managing pineapple mealybugs, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
type: item
description: Abstract. Rosli R, Abd Latip NF, Abdullah MA. 2026. Bamboo vinegar as a sustainable botanical alternative for managing pineapple mealybugs, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100133. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100133. The pineapple mealybug, Dysmicoccus brevipes, is a persistent pest that threatens pineapple production worldwide and is commonly managed using synthetic insecticides. However, intensive chemical use raises concerns related to environmental contamination, pest resistance, and residue accumulation. Botanical products such as Bamboo Vinegar (BV) have emerged as sustainable alternatives, yet evidence of their multifaceted bioactivity against mealybugs remains limited. This study evaluated the laboratory insecticidal and repellent efficacy of BV against D. brevipes using controlled bioassays. Mortality and survival were assessed over 24-120 h, while repellency was determined using an area-preference assay at 1 h and 6 h post-treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a clear time-dependent reduction in mealybug survival, with median survival declining from 120.00±15.02 h to 72.00±11.30 h across BV concentrations. Differences among BV concentrations were modest, indicating consistent toxic effects within the tested range. In addition to mortality, BV induced consistent behavioral avoidance. Repulsion indices ranged from 0.26 to 0.52 across all concentrations, with 20% BV achieving the highest repellency (74.41±10.64%), exceeding that of white oil (60.80±19.58%). All treatments were classified within repellency Categories 3 and 4, reflecting moderate but reliable repellency. The primary novelty of this study lies in providing laboratory evidence that BV exhibits dual insecticidal-repellent activity against D. brevipes, combining lethal and sublethal effects within a single botanical input. While field validation and formulation optimisation are required, these results provide strong evidence that BV cou…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bamboo vinegar, mortality effect, pineapple mealybug, repellent effect
  topic: keywords
creator: ROSAWANIS ROSLI
creator: NURUL FATIHAH ABD LATIP
creator: MOHAMMAD AZIZI ABDULLAH
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ROSAWANIS ROSLI, NURUL FATIHAH ABD LATIP, MOHAMMAD AZIZI ABDULLAH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100133

Oil palm seedling growth in media amended with fifty percent dairy farm effluent compost under reduced fertiliser input
type: item
description: Abstract. Rakib MRM, Hasbullah NA, Chin CFS, Haya BA, Mayzaitul-Azwa NJ, Salamat SS, Abu NJ, Chong KP, Syamsia S. 2026. Oil palm seedling growth in media amended with fifty percent dairy farm effluent compost under reduced fertiliser input. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100174. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100174. Conventional oil palm nursery practices rely heavily on mineral fertilisers, which promote short-term growth but cause adverse environmental impacts. Organic amendments in planting media have the potential to sustain seedling development while reducing dependence on mineral fertilisers. This study evaluated the growth and biomass accumulation of oil palm seedlings at the main nursery stage by amending Dairy Farm Effluent Compost (DFEC) to planting media under reduced mineral fertiliser input. Three-month-old seedlings were transplanted into either 100% mineral soil or a 1:1 mixture of mineral soil and DFEC, with varying mineral fertiliser rates. Treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Ten replications (n = 10) were used for non-destructive measurements, while five randomly selected seedlings per treatment (n = 5) were used for destructive biomass and root assessments at nine months after transplanting. Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. Seedlings grown in DFEC-amended media exhibited significantly greater height and bole circumference compared to those in 100% mineral soil with full-rate fertiliser application. Frond production (14-16 fronds) and root numbers (15-24 primary roots) did not differ significantly among treatments. However, dry matter accumulation in fronds and stems was markedly higher in DFEC-amended seedlings, irrespective of fertiliser application, suggesting that DFEC amendment alone was able to sustain seedling growth under the conditions tested. Notably, addition of 50% DFEC to the mineral soil, either with half-rate mineral fertiliser or without fertiliser performe…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compost, fertiliser, nursery, oil palm, organic amendment
  topic: keywords
creator: MOHD. RASHID MOHD. RAKIB
creator: NUR AAINAA HASBULLAH
creator: CLAMENT FUI SEUNG CHIN
creator: BORHAN ABDUL HAYA
creator: N. J. MAYZAITUL-AZWA
creator: SITI SULIZA SALAMAT
creator: NOR JAWAHIR ABU
creator: KHIM PHIN CHONG
creator: S. SYAMSIA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MOHD. RASHID MOHD. RAKIB, NUR AAINAA HASBULLAH, CLAMENT FUI SEUNG CHIN, BORHAN ABDUL HAYA, N. J. MAYZAITUL-AZWA, SITI SULIZA SALAMAT, NOR JAWAHIR ABU, KHIM PHIN CHONG, S. SYAMSIA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100174

Phytoremediation potentials of eight plant species on the tropical gold mine reclamation site in North Sumatra, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Anwar S, Mansor AB, Haris H, Hayati QN, Fathiya N, Budiman. 2026. Phytoremediation potentials of eight plant species on the tropical gold mine reclamation site in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100148. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100148. Post-mining landscapes are often characterized by degraded soils and elevated concentrations of metals, which may hinder ecological recovery and vegetation establishment. This study assessed the accumulation and translocation of metals, i.e., ferrum (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and aluminium (Al), in eight fast-growing plant species (i.e., Falcataria falcata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Ixonanthes reticulata, Macaranga conifera, Macaranga tanarius, Melaleuca cajuputi, Melastoma malabathricum, and Samanea saman) at the Martabe gold mining reclamation site, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil and plant samples were collected from three reclaimed areas and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Phytoremediation potentials were assessed using bioconcentration factors (BCF), translocation factors (TF), and phytomining potentials. The results showed that reclaimed soils were acidic and characterized by very high Al concentration (mean 110,100 mg kg-¹) and Fe concentrations (mean 83,309 mg kg-¹) and moderate concentrations of Mn (mean 653 mg kg-¹), Zn (mean 410 mg kg-¹), Cu (mean 277 mg kg-¹), and Ni (mean 513 mg kg-¹). Five planted species showed medium Mn accumulation (BCF 0.1-1), low Zn accumulation in all planted species (BCF 0.01-0.1) and low and negligible uptake in eight species of Fe, Cu, Ni, and Al. Translocation factors indicated Zn and Cu were preferentially translocated to shoots (TF>1), supporting phytoextraction, while Mn exhibited mixed translocation, with M. conifera acting as a phytostabilizer. Leguminous species, particularly I. reticulata, M. cajuputi, and S. saman, demonstrated relatively higher root-to-shoot translocation efficiencies. Preliminar…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heavy metals, phytoextraction, phytomining, phytostabilization, tropical soil reclamation
  topic: keywords
creator: SYAIFUL ANWAR
creator: ASYRAF BIN MANSOR
creator: HAZZEMAN HARIS
creator: QESHY NATA HAYATI
creator: NIR FATHIYA
creator: BUDIMAN BUDIMAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SYAIFUL ANWAR, ASYRAF BIN MANSOR, HAZZEMAN HARIS, QESHY NATA HAYATI, NIR FATHIYA, BUDIMAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100148

Characterization of acid-modified corn cob biochar for potential alkaline soil remediation
type: item
description: Abstract. Hassan MAM, El-Sayed MEA, Abdallah MH, Gahlan AA. 2026. Characterization of acid-modified corn cob biochar for potential alkaline soil remediation. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100125. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100125. Biochar (BC), derived from agricultural residues, is increasingly recognized for its capacity to enhance soil quality and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Conversely, the typically high pH of BC limits its effectiveness in alkaline soils, such as those prevalent in Egypt. In order to overcome this difficulty, this study produced BC from corncobs via slow pyrolysis at 350°C for an hour at a heating rate of 10°C min-1. Its surface was modified with phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and humic acid, resulting in PBC, SBC, and HBC, respectively. Biochar and its modified forms were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The findings revealed that the pH of MBCs has decreased from 7.87 to 7.13 compared to 8.32 for BC. This adjustment can improve the compatibility of BC with alkaline soils. In addition, all Modified Biochars (MBCs) have higher surface areas of 83.73, 79.60, and 75.23 m²/g for HBC, SBC, and PBC, respectively, compared to 73.41 m²/g for unmodified BC. Pores of MBCs were microporous, while BC is composed of mesopores. The elemental analysis demonstrated that the MBCs have more functional groups than BC, which improves BC properties and applications. Overall, the MBCs demonstrated enhanced specific physicochemical properties, particularly in pH adjustment, functional groups, surface areas, and pore size distribution following the order: HBC>SBC>PBC>BC, suggesting their potential as effective ameliorants for alkaline soils. These results highlight the benefits of agricultural waste and tailoring BC properties to address the specific needs of…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acid modification, alkaline soil, biochar, corncobs, slow pyrolysis
  topic: keywords
creator: MAHMOUD A. M. HASSAN
creator: MOHAMED E. A. EL-SAYED
creator: MOHAMED H. ABDALLAH
creator: AHMED A. GAHLAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MAHMOUD A. M. HASSAN, MOHAMED E. A. EL-SAYED, MOHAMED H. ABDALLAH, AHMED A. GAHLAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100125

Farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm pest management practices in Bali, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Dewi RK, Ustriyana ING, Zulazmi, Yudha IKW. 2026. Farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm pest management practices in Bali, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100171. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100171. Maize crops in Bali, Indonesia, are widely affected by the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda), causing significant economic losses. This study aimed to assess farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm infestation and its perceived economic impacts, and to document pest management practices among maize farmers in Bali. This study used survey data obtained from 200 farmers from April 2024 to May 2025 across 9 districts and 1 city in Bali and was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Farmers’ education levels ranged from elementary school to bachelor’s degree, with most farmers having more than 10 years of farming experience. Approximately 52% of farmers reported 50-75% crop losses due to fall armyworm infestation during the dry season, which is perceived to affect farmers’ income. Most farmers perceived fall armyworm as a major threat to maize production. A total of 78% of farmers were able to correctly identify FAW, and 77% agreed that infestation reduces income. Emamectin benzoate was the most commonly used pesticide (28%) in pest management practices. The widespread use of synthetic pesticides was reported, often without adequate personal protective equipment, and pesticide application was not always aligned with recommended guidelines. These findings suggest the need for practical interventions, including farmer training and extension programs that can be implemented by the local government to improve pest management practices and reduce the impact of fall armyworm in Bali.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bali, fall armyworm, maize, pest management practices, Spodoptera frugiperda
  topic: keywords
creator: RATNA KOMALA DEWI
creator: I NYOMAN GEDE USTRIYANA
creator: ZULAZMI ZULAZMI
creator: I KADEK WISMA YUDHA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RATNA KOMALA DEWI, I NYOMAN GEDE USTRIYANA, ZULAZMI, I KADEK WISMA YUDHA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100171

Economic and technological drivers of rural youth engagement in sugar palm agro-industry in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Ernawati, Syahidah, Mujetahid A. 2026. Economic and technological drivers of rural youth engagement in sugar palm agro-industry in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100158. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100158. Palm sugar derived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) supports rural livelihoods in Indonesia, yet declining youth participation may weaken enterprise regeneration. Youth refer to individuals aged 15-30 years. This study examined how social, economic, and technical (technological capital) factors, as well as environmental factors, are associated with youth involvement in the sugar-palm agroindustry in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A census-based survey was conducted in Rompegading and Limapoccoe Villages (Maros District) with 51 respondents aged ≥15 years who were already engaged in tapping, processing, or marketing; interpretation emphasizes the youth subgroup where relevant. Indicators were measured using a three-point Likert scale and aggregated into composite indices for each factor and youth involvement. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations between the factor indices and youth involvement. Technical (technological capital) and economic factors were positively associated with youth involvement, while social and environmental factors were not statistically significant. Findings suggest that youth engagement may be strengthened through practical training, safer and more efficient tools and processing practices, and measures that enhance income predictability and market access. Because the study is cross-sectional and site-specific, the findings should be interpreted as associative; broader, multi-site, and longitudinal studies are recommended to verify and extend these insights.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agroforestry, Indonesia, rural youth, sustainable livelihood framework, technological capital
  topic: keywords
creator: ERNAWATI ERNAWATI
creator: SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH
creator: A. MUJETAHID
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ERNAWATI, SYAHIDAH, A. MUJETAHID https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100158

Identification and inventory of bagworms on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Sungai Rengit Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Anggraini E, Purba H, Herlinda S, Susilawati, Lau WH, Arinafril A. 2026. Identification and inventory of bagworms on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Sungai Rengit Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100128. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100128. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of Indonesia’s most important plantation commodities and a major contributor to the national economy. However, productivity is often constrained by pest infestations, particularly bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), which damage palm fronds and reduce photosynthetic capacity. This study aimed to identify bagworm species and quantify their abundance and infestation intensity in oil palm plantations in Sungai Rengit Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, to provide baseline information supporting the development of appropriate integrated pest management strategies. Field observations were conducted using a diagonal sampling method across five plots, with 20 trees observed per plot (100 trees in total). Bagworms were collected manually and identified based on morphological characteristics. Four species were recorded: Pteroma sp., Metisa plana, Pteroma pendula, and Mahasena corbetti. Pteroma sp. was the dominant species (912 individuals), whereas M. corbetti had the lowest abundance (137 individuals). The overall mean infestation intensity across the five plots was 62%, calculated using the Townsend-Heuberger index, indicating severe foliar damage. Higher infestation levels were observed in edge plots and areas exposed to greater sunlight. These findings indicate a high level of bagworm infestation in the study area and variation in abundance across plots, possibly influenced by microenvironmental factors. This study provides baseline information on bagworm species composition, abundance, and infestation intensity, which is important to support the implementation of appropriate integrated pest management strategies in oil palm plan…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mahasena corbetti, Metisa plana, oil palm plantations, pest management, Pteroma sp.
  topic: keywords
creator: ERISE ANGGRAINI
creator: HAPOSAN PURBA
creator: SITI HERLINDA
creator: SUSILAWATI SUSILAWATI
creator: WEI HONG LAU
creator: ARINAFRIL ARINAFRIL
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ERISE ANGGRAINI, HAPOSAN PURBA, SITI HERLINDA, SUSILAWATI SUSILAWATI, WEI HONG LAU, ARINAFRIL ARINAFRIL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100128

SWOT-AHP analysis of youth participation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, palm sugar agroforestry
type: item
description: Abstract. Ernawati, Syahidah, Mujetahid A. 2026. SWOT-AHP analysis of youth participation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, palm sugar agroforestry. Asian J Agric 10: g100103. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100103. Youth disengagement from agroforestry-based livelihoods threatens the continuity of palm sugar production and the broader non-timber forest product economy in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study examines factors influencing youth participation in palm sugar agroforestry and prioritizes actionable strategies to strengthen youth engagement in the Universitas Hasanuddin Educational Forest (KHDTK) landscape. Data were collected through household surveys, semi-structured expert interviews, and field observations in Rompegading and Limapoccoe Villages. An integrated SWOT-AHP approach was applied to (i) identify internal and external factors shaping youth participation, (ii) formulate strategic alternatives, and (iii) rank strategies based on expert judgments and derived priority weights. The results highlight that the most influential strategic priorities focus on value-added product innovation and the expansion of digital/social-media marketing, supported by capacity building and institutional strengthening to improve product quality, coordination, and market access. Taken together, the results suggest that palm sugar agroforestry becomes more appealing to young people when it is framed as a market-oriented agribusiness, with roles beyond traditional production such as product development, branding, and online customer engagement. The prioritized strategy package provides practical guidance for local stakeholders. It highlights targeted, youth-focused interventions that upgrade palm sugar enterprises and strengthen the attractiveness and viability of agroforestry-based livelihoods.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital marketing, NTFPs, palm sugar agroforestry, SWOT-AHP, youth participation
  topic: keywords
creator: ERNAWATI ERNAWATI
creator: SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH
creator: A. MUJETAHID
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ERNAWATI, SYAHIDAH, A. MUJETAHID https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-22
publication date: 2026-02-22
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100103

Livelihood vulnerability and resilience of rainfed rice farmers to climate change in Java, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Rozaki Z, Saputri RD, Kamarudin MF, Rahmawati N. 2026. Livelihood vulnerability and resilience of rainfed rice farmers to climate change in Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100108. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/ g100108. Climate change, characterized by altered rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and increasing pest infestations, poses significant challenges for rain-fed rice farmers who heavily depend on rainfall. This study assesses and compares the resilience of rainfed rice farmers in Central Java (Klaten, Karanganyar, Boyolali, and Wonogiri) and Yogyakarta (Gunungkidul and Bantul), Indonesia, using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). The research involved 300 respondents from six districts, selected through purposive sampling, with data collected via structured household interviews covering social, economic, physical, environmental, and institutional indicators. The LVI was constructed by normalizing indicators and aggregating them into exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity dimensions using a weighted average approach. The results reveal moderate adaptive capacity in both provinces (A=0.36 in Central Java and 0.39 in Yogyakarta), with overall vulnerability classified as medium (LVI=0.40 and 0.46, respectively). However, the primary drivers of vulnerability vary across regions. In Central Java, education level (p=0.001) and household size (p=0.008) significantly influence vulnerability, indicating that limited human capital and higher dependency ratios increase sensitivity to climate shocks. In contrast, farming experience is the dominant factor in Yogyakarta (p=0.010), indicating that long-term reliance on traditional practices may limit adaptive responses to changing climatic conditions. These comparative findings highlight that vulnerability in rainfed rice systems is shaped not only by climatic exposure but also by region-specific socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, climate-responsive agricultural …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adaptive capacity, climate change, farmer resilience, Livelihood Vulnerability Index, rainfed rice
  topic: keywords
creator: ZUHUD ROZAKI
creator: RIFKA DIAH SAPUTRI
creator: MOHD FAUZI KAMARUDIN
creator: NUR RAHMAWATI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ZUHUD ROZAKI, RIFKA DIAH SAPUTRI, MOHD FAUZI KAMARUDIN, NUR RAHMAWATI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100108

The influence of social media marketing on Generation Z’s buying behavior of livestock products
type: item
description: Abstract. Burhanuddin ANM, Hastang, Munir AR. 2025. The influence of social media marketing on Generation Z’s buying behavior of livestock products. Asian J Agric 9: 898-905. This study aims to analyze the effect of social media marketing on the purchasing decisions of Generation Z in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The background of this study lies in the increasing use of social media as a primary source of information, interaction, and product evaluation among Generation Z, particularly in the context of e-commerce for processed broiler-based livestock products. The research was conducted in November 2024 using purposive sampling, targeting respondents aged 18-27 years who actively use social media and have purchased processed livestock products through online platforms. The questionnaire consisted of eight measurement items—four indicators of social media marketing and four indicators of purchase decision—evaluated using a five-point Likert scale. A descriptive and quantitative research approach was employed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method and processed with SmartPLS version 4 software. The measurement model demonstrated good reliability and validity, as reflected by Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values above 0.50, Composite Reliability exceeding 0.70, and a Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) value within the acceptable threshold. The findings indicate that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions, supported by the statistical results: an original sample (path coefficient) of 0.651, a t-statistic of 10.712—which exceeds the critical value of 1.96—and a p-value of 0.000. These results suggest that the more effective and engaging social media marketing activities are—such as informative content, consistent brand presentation, interactive communication, and accessible product information—the higher the likelihood that Generation Z consumers will purchase …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: E-commerce, Generation Z, purchase decisions, social media marketing
  topic: keywords
creator: AISYAH NUR MAHARANI BURHANUDDIN
creator: HASTANG HASTANG
creator: ABDUL RAZAK MUNIR
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 AISYAH NUR MAHARANI BURHANUDDIN, HASTANG, ABDUL RAZAK MUNIR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-10
publication date: 2026-02-10
doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090256