Evaluation of Bacillus cereus bioinoculants for biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight and growth promotion in shallots
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 171
File Views: 114
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Arifianto RA, Istiqomah D, Irwandhi. 2026. Evaluation of Bacillus cereus bioinoculants for biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight and growth promotion in shallots. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100136. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100136. Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii) is a major disease of shallots (Allium cepa) that requires continuous control. The use of rhizobacterial bioinoculants is an environmentally friendly strategy that serves a dual role, as a biocontrol and a plant growth promoter. This study aims to evaluate the bioinoculant Bacillus cereus in controlling bacterial leaf blight and increasing shallot growth. This research was conducted using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors (cropping pattern and biofertilizer) and 3 replications. All B. cereus treatments inhibited the pathogen's growth in vitro via a bacteriostatic mechanism, with isolate Bm3 producing the largest inhibition zone (14.75 mm). In addition, each B. cereus isolate can produce siderophores and proteases, as well as dissolve phosphate. In field tests, B. cereus treatment can significantly reduce disease development compared to the control. The consortium treatment tended to show the highest efficacy, with low disease intensity (8.33%), control effectiveness of 51.93%, reduced AUDPC (23.50%), and increased nutrient uptake of shallot. These results indicate that the B. cereus bioinoculant, in the form of a consortium, has the potential to be an effective multifunctional inoculant for controlling bacterial leaf blight and enhancing growth in sustainable shallot cultivation.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Ahmad B, Nigar S, Shah SSA, Bashir S, Ali J, Yousaf S, Bangash JA. 2013. Isolation and identification of cellulose degrading bacteria from municipal waste and their screening for potential antimicrobial activity. World Appl Sci J 27 (11): 1420-1426. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.27.11.81162.
Al-Farabi MN, Ratna IS, Marshanda C, Putri VR, Amelia R, Putri ET. 2024. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak makroalga Kappaphycus striatum terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aerugimunosa. J Anim Res Appl Sci 5 (2): 60-66. https://doi.org/10.22219/aras.v5i2.38546. [Indonesian]
Alfiansyah MF, Zulkifli L, Rasmi DAC. 2023. The effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and IAA producers from cactus rhizosphere on the germination of Vigna sinensis L. Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23 (3): 607-618. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5089.
Ali AM, Awad MY, Hegab SA, Gawad AMAE, Eissa MA. 2021. Effect of potassium solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus cereus) on growth and yield of potato. J Plant Nutr 44 (3): 411-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1822399.
Amri I, Fuskhah E, Sutarno S. 2023. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kompos eceng gondok terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) pada berbagai media tanam. Jurnal Agroplasma 10 (1): 138-151. https://doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v10i1.4011. [Indonesian]
Asrul A, Arwiyanto T, Hadisutrisno B, Widada J. 2013. Sebaran penyakit hawar daun bakteri di beberapa sentra produksi bawang merah di Indonesia. Biota Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati 18 (1): 27-36. https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v18i1.261. [Indonesian]
Asrul A, Aryantha INP. 2020. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri pelarut fosfat dari tanah rhizofer kelapa sawit (Eleis guineensis). Lumbung 19 (1): 30-39. https://doi.org/10.32530/lumbung.v19i1.204. [Indonesian]
Ayilara MS, Adeleke BS, Akinola SA, Fayose CA, Adeyemi UT, Gbadegesin LA, Omole RK, Johnson RM, Uthman QO, Babalola OO. 2023. Biopesticides as a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides: A case for microbial pesticides, phytopesticides, and nanobiopesticides. Front Microbiol 14: 1040901. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1040901.
Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK. 2016. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. J Pharm Anal 6 (2): 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005.
Basu A, Prasad P, Das NS, Kalam S, Sayyed RZ, Reddy MS, Enshasy HE. 2021. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as green bioinoculants: Recent developments, constraints, and prospects. Sustainability 13 (3): 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031140.
Basurto-Cadena MGL, Vázquez-Arista M, García-Jiménez J, Salcedo-Hernández R, Bideshi DK, Barboza-Corona JE. 2012. Isolation of a new Mexican strain of Bacillus subtilis with antifungal and antibacterial activities. Sci World J 2012: 384978. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/384978.
Belo T, du Toit LJ, La Hue GT. 2023. Reducing the risk of onion bacterial diseases: A review of cultural management strategies. Agron J 115 (2): 459-473. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21301.
Bernatová S, Samek O, Pilát Z, Šerý M, Ježek J, Jákl P, Šiler M, Krzyžánek V, Zemánek P, Holá V, Dvořáčková M, Růžička F. 2013. Following the mechanisms of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal action using raman spectroscopy. Molecules 18 (11): 13188-13199. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules181113188.
Büttner D, Bonas U. 2010. Regulation and secretion of Xanthomonas virulence factors. FEMS Microbiol Rev 34 (2): 107-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00192.x.
Chen KN, Chen CY, Lin YC, Chen MJ. 2013. Formulation of a novel antagonistic bacterium based biopesticide for fungal disease control using microencapsulation techniques. J Agric Sci 5 (3): 153-163. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v5n3p153.
Ćurković M, Sipos L, Puntarić D, Dodig-Ćurković K, Pivac N, Kralik K. 2016. Arsenic, copper, molybdenum, and selenium exposure through drinking water in rural Eastern Croatia. Pol J Environ Stud 25 (3): 981-992. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/61777.
du Toit LJ, Derie ML, Gundersen B, Waters TD, Darner J. 2021. Efficacy of bactericides for management of bacterial leaf blight and bulb rots in an onion crop in Pasco, WA, 2020. Plant Dis Manag Rep 15 (107): 1-2.
Edlin YN, Agustien A, Tjong DH. 2014. Isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri alkali-proteolitik sumber air panas Semurup Kerinci Jambi. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas 3 (4): 303-309. https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.3.4.%25p.2014. [Indonesian]
Geng H, Su R, Tao Y, Huang W, Zhou Z, Zhou H, Su Q, Liu X, Ji Z, Guo W. 2025. RpoE orchestrates oxidative stress adaptation, virulence, and dual plant immune modulation in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. J Agric Food Chem 73 (18): 10826-10839. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00235.
Gent DH, Schwartz HF. 2005. Management of Xanthomonas leaf blight of onion with a plant activator, biological control agents, and copper bactericides. Plant Dis 89 (6): 631-639. https://doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0631.
Guardiola-Márquez CE, Santos-Ramírez MT, Figueroa-Montes ML, Valencia-de Los Cobos EO, Stamatis-Félix IJ, Navarro-López DE, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. 2023. Identification and characterization of beneficial soil microbial strains for the formulation of biofertilizers based on native plant growth-promoting microorganisms isolated from northern Mexico. Plants 12 (18): 3262. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12183262.
Guerriero G, Hausman FJ, Strauss J, Ertan H, Siddiqui KS. 2015. Destructuring plant biomass: Focus on fungal and extremophilic cell wall hydrolases. Plant Sci 234: 180-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.010.
Hassan SED. 2017. Plant growth-promoting activities for bacterial and fungal endophytes isolated from medicinal plant of Teucrium polium L. J Adv Res 8 (6): 687-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2017.09.001.
Hastuti US, Nugraheni FSA, Asna APA. 2017. Identifikasi Dan Penentuan Indeks Hidrolisis Protein pada Bakteri Proteolitik dari Tanah Mangrove di Margomulyo, Balikpapan. Proc Biol Educ Conf 14 (1): 265-270. [Indonesian]
Hazra F, Istiqomah FN, Adriani L. 2021. Aplikasi pupuk hayati mikoriza terhadap tanaman bawang merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) pada latosol dramaga. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 23 (2): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitl.23.2.61-67. [Indonesian]
Hermawati DT. 2016. Kajian ekonomi antara pola tanam monokultur dan tumpangsari tanaman jagung, kubis dan bayam. Inovasi 18 (1): 66-71. [Indonesian]
Hidayati SNI, Zulkifli L, Sedijani P, Rasmi DAC. 2024. Antagonistic test of endophytic bacteria of chili pepper roots producing siderophores and hydrolase enzymes against plant pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum. Jurnal Biologi Tropis 24 (4): 857-867. https://doi.org/0.29303/jbt.v24i4.7966. [Indonesian]
Hofmann M, Retamal-Morales G, Tischler D. 2020. Metal binding ability of microbial natural metal chelators and potential applications. Nat Prod Rep 37: 1262-1283. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9np00058e.
Husna M, Sugiyanta S, Pratiwi E. 2019. Kemampuan konsorsium Bacillus pada pupuk hayati dalam memfiksasi N2, melarutkan fosfat dan mensintesis fitohormon Indole 3-Acetic-Acid. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim 43 (2): 117-125. https://doi.org/10.21082/jti.v43n2.2019.117-125. [Indonesian]
Irwandhi I, Prihatiningsih N, Abraham S, Isroni M, Sativa RG, Kamaluddin NN, Khumairah FH, Maulana H, Sofyan ET, Simarmata T. 2024. Diversity of bacterial isolates as biocontrol agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Biodiversitas 25 (10): 3403-3411. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d251002.
Istiqomah D, Subandrio HR, Rakhman HI, Nugroho NIF, Islamiati A. 2021. Degradation ability of indigenous bacteria from pesticide-contaminated water and soil in Brebes Regency, Indonesia. J Phys Conf Ser 1960 (1): 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1960/1/012012.
Kamaluddin NN, Irwandhi I, Arum P, Setiawan Y, Khumairah FH, Prihatiningsih N, Simarmata T. 2025. Assessment of phosphate-solubilizing microbes isolated from indigenous organic-biofertilizers for enhancing plant growth in acid-stressed. Biodiversitas 26 (3): 1325-1333. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d260332.
Khairah M, Mubarik NR, Manaf LA. 2023. Bacterial selection and characterization of chitinase enzyme from bacteria controlling Fusarium proliferatum. Biodiversitas 24 (3): 1926-1933. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240370.
Khalil M, Khattak S, Ali Q, Qureshi JA, Malik A. 2020. Isolation and characterization of pectinase producing Aspergillus niger from orange. Intl J Bot Stud 5: 45-48.
Khan F, Siddique AB, Shabala S, Zhou M, Zhao C. 2023. Phosphorus plays key roles in regulating plants’ physiological responses to abiotic stresses. Plants 12 (15): 2861. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12152861.
Korlina E, Sulastrini I, Rosliani R. 2023. The Use of Biological Agents in Controlling Diseases of Shallots for Tss Production. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 1230 (1): 012098. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012098.
Krzyzanowska DM, Maciag T, Siwinska J, Krychowiak M, Jafra S, Czajkowski R. 2019. Compatible mixture of bacterial antagonists developed to protect potato tubers from soft rot caused by Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp. Plant Dis 103 (6): 1374-1382. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1866-re.
Ku Y, Xu G, Tian X, Xie H, Yang X, Cao C. 2018. Root colonization and growth promotion of soybean, wheat and Chinese cabbage by Bacillus cereus YL6. PloS one 13 (11): e0200181. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200181.
Kumar P, Pahal V, Gupta A, Vadhan R, Chandra H, Dubey RC. 2020. Effect of silver nanoparticles and Bacillus cereus LPR2 on the growth of Zea mays. Sci Rep 10 (1): 20409. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77460-w.
Kurniawan DW, Prihatiningsih N, Wulansari NK. 2026. Biosynthesis and applications of nanobas for increasing bacterial leaf blight resistance in shallot. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 26 (1): 200-207. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.126200-207.
Leiwakabessy C, Giyanto G, Muttaqin KH, Trikoesoemaningtyas T, Talahaturuson A. 2024. Ekspresi gen PR-1 melalui induksi ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae menggunakan Lysinibacillus sphaericus dan asam salisilat. Agro Bali Agric J 7 (1): 155-166. https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v7i1.1559. [Indonesian]
Majumdar S, Chakraborty U. 2017. Optimization of protease production from plant growth promoting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens showing antagonistic activity against phytopathogens. Intl J Pharm Biol Sci 8 (2): 635-642. https://doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs.2017.8.2.b635-642.
Martínez-Álvarez JC, Castro-Martínez C, Sánchez-Peña P, Gutiérrez-Dorado R, Maldonado-Mendoza IE. 2016. Development of a powder formulation based on Bacillus cereus sensu lato strain B25 spores for biological control of Fusarium verticillioides in maize plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32 (5): 75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-2000-5.
Maysixteen RS, Haryadi NT. 2022. Efektivitas biopestisida berbahan aktif Trichoderma harzianum pada berbagai formulasi dan lama penyimpanan dalam mengendalikan penyakit damping-off tanaman kedelai (Glycine Max (L.) Merill). Jurnal Bioindustri 5 (1): 68-80. https://doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v5i1.1351. [Indonesian]
Mukamto M, Ulfa S, Mahalina W, Syauqi A, Istiqfaroh L, Trimulyono G. 2015. Isolasi dan karakterisasi Bacillus sp. pelarut fosfat dari rhizosfer tanaman leguminosae. Sains dan Matematika 3 (2): 62-68. [Indonesian]
Ngalimat MS, Yahaya RSR, Baharudin MMAA, Yaminudin SM, Karim M, Ahmad SA, Sabri S. 2021. A review on the biotechnological applications of the operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Microorganisms 9 (3): 614. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030614.
Nithyapriya S, Lalitha S. 2019. Production and optimization of microbial iron chelators (Siderophore) by Pseudomonas spp. Intl J Life Sci Res 7 (1): 36-42.
Nugroho AW, Hadiwiyono H, Sudadi S. 2015. Potensi jamur perakaran sebagai agens pengendalian hayati penyakit moler (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) pada bawang merah. Agrosains Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi 17 (1): 4-8. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v17i1.18656. [Indonesian]
Nurcahyanti SD, Wahyuni WS, Masnilah R, Nurdika AAH. 2021. Diversity of Bacillus spp. from soybean phyllosphere as potential antagonist agents for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines causal of pustule disease. Biodiversitas 22 (11): 5003-5011. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d221136.
Obomighie I, Prentice IJ, Lewin-Jones P, Bachtiger F, Ramsay N, Kishi-Itakura C, Goldberg MW, Hawkins TJ, Sprittles JE, Knight H, Sosso GC. 2025. Understanding pectin cross-linking in plant cell walls. Commun Biol 8 (1): 72. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07495-0.
Peng Y, Li SJ, Yan J, Tang Y, Cheng JP, Gao AJ, Yao X, Ruan JJ, Xu BL. 2021. Research progress on phytopathogenic fungi and their role as biocontrol agents. Front Microbiol 12: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.670135.
Pradana BS, Retno S. 2018. Efek aplikasi kompos sampah dan kotoran kambing terhadap serapan unsur hara kalium dan hasil tanaman bawang merah pada tanah terdampak erupsi Gunung Kelud. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 6 (1): 1093-1104. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2019.006.1.8. [Indonesian]
Prasannath K. 2017. Plant defense-related enzymes against pathogens: A review. AGRIEAST J Agric Sci 11 (1): 38-48. https://doi.org/10.4038/agrieast.v11i1.33.
Pratiwi AH, Wibowo A, Joko T, Widiastuti A, Subandiyah S. 2024. Response of five shallot varieties applied with Bacillus spp. against twisted disease. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 24 (1): 17-27. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12417-27.
Prihatiningsih N, Arwiyanto T, Hadisutrisno B, Widada J. 2015. Mekanisme antibiosis Bacillus subtilis B315 untuk pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri kentang. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 15 (1): 64-71. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11564-71. [Indonesian]
Prihatiningsih N, Djatmiko HA, Lestari P. 2017. Aktivitas siderofor Bacillus subtilis sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan dan pengendali patogen tanaman terung. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 17 (2): 170-178. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.217170-178. [Indonesian]
Prihatiningsih N, Djatmiko HA, Lestari P. 2022. Antagonistic feature displayed by endophytic bacteria consortium for control rice pathogens. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 22 (2): 154-161. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.222154-161.
Radhakrishnan M, Samshath KJ, Balagurunathan R. 2014. Hydroxamate siderophore from Bacillus sp. SD12 isolated from iron factory soil. Curr World Environ 9 (3): 990-993. https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.9.3.53.
Ramos AM, Gally M, Szapiro G, Itzcovich T, Carabajal M, Levin L. 2016. In vitro growth and cell wall degrading enzyme production by Argentinean isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative agent of charcoal rot in corn. Rev Argent Microbiol 48 (4): 267-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2016.06.002.
Resti Z, Trimurti H, Deddi PP, Nasrun. 2018. Characterization of endophytic Bacillus isolated from shallot root as biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight disease. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 18 (1): 31-38. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11831-38.
Sapalina F, Ginting EN, Hidayat F. 2022. Bakteri penambat nitrogen sebagai agen biofertilizer. Warta Pusat Penelitan Kelapa Sawit 27 (1): 41-50. https://doi.org/10.22302/iopri.war.warta.v27i1.80. [Indonesian]
Saputra A, Prihatiningsih N, Djatmiko HA, Kurniawan DW. 2024. Isolation, characterization, and selection of Bacillus sp. from shallot rhizosphere that inhibits Fusarium oxysporum growth. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 28 (1): 27-32. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.89634.
Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: Sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springer Plus 2: 587. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-587.
Sherpa MT, Bag N, Das S, Haokip P, Sharma L. 2021. Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from organically grown high yielding pole type native pea (Pisum sativum L.) variety Dentami of Sikkim, India. Curr Res Microb Sci 2: 100068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100068.
Shin SH, Lim Y, Lee SE, Yang NW, Rhee JH. 2001. CAS agar diffusion assay for the measurement of siderophore in biological fluids. J Microbiol Method 44 (1): 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7012(00)00229-3.
Sinha AK, Parli VB, Tripathy SC, Sarkar A, Prabhakaran S. 2019. Effects of growth conditions on siderophore producing bacteria and siderophore production from Indian Ocean sector of Southern Ocean. J Basic Microbiol 59: 412-424. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201800537.
Sultana S, Alam S, Karim MM. 2021. Screening of siderophore-producing salt-tolerant rhizobacteria suitable for supporting plant growth in saline soils with iron limitation. J Agric Food Res 4: 100150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100150.
Suryaningrum LH, Samsudin R. 2019. Potensi Enzim Selulase dalam Mendegradasi Material Lignoselulosa sebagai Bahan Pakan Ikan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan 2018: 71-76. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/xc9zr. [Indonesian]
Triwidodo H, Tanjung MH. 2020. Hama penyakit utama tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum) dan tindakan pengendalian di Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Agrovigor Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 13 (2): 149-154. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v13i2.7131. [Indonesian]
Wang N, Wang L, Zhu K, Hou S, Chen L, Mi D, Gui Y, Qi Y, Jiang C, Guo JH. 2019. Plant root exudates are involved in Bacillus cereus AR156 mediated biocontrol against Ralstonia solanacearum. Front Microbiol 10: 98. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00098.
Yanti Y, Hamid H, Nurbailis. 2023. Isolation and characterization of rhizobacteria, Bacillus spp. for controlling bacterial leaf blight and increasing shallot yield. AIP Conf Proc 2583 (1): 020008. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0116763.
Yanti Y, Hamid H. 2023. Distribusi penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada tanaman bawang merah di Sumatera. Seminar Nasional Pariwisata dan Kewirausahaan 2: 759-764. https://doi.org/10.36441/snpk.vol2.2023.193. [Indonesian]
Yanti Y, Nasution CR. 2017. Effectivity of Bacillus cereus to control Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and growth promoting of chili pepper. J Biopestic 10 (2): 113-119. https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.113-119.
Yanti Y, Nurbailis N, Khairul U, Hamid H, Suhendra D, Zahara Z. 2025. The Liquid Formula of Bacillus thuringiensis strain MRTLRZ2. 1 for Controling Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii) and Increasing Shallot Production in the Field. BIO Web Conf 189: 01003. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202518901003.
Yanti Y. 2015. Peroxidase enzyme activity of rhizobacteria-introduced shallots bulbs to induce resistance of shallot towards bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv allii). Procedia Chem 14: 501-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2015.03.067.
Yin N, Zhao JL, Liu R, Li Y, Ling J, Yang YH, Xie BY, Mao ZC. 2021. Biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus cereus strain Bc-cm103 against Meloidogyne incognita. Plant Dis 105 (8): 2061-2070. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-20-0648-re.
Yuniati R, Nugroho TT, Puspita F. 2015. Uji aktivitas enzim protease dari isolat Bacillus sp. galur lokal riau. JOM FMIPA 1 (2): 116-122. [Indonesian]
Zhou H, Ren, Zu X, Yu XY, Zhu HJ, Li XJ, Zhong J, Liu EM. 2021. Efficacy of plant growth-promoting bacteria Bacillus cereus YN917 for biocontrol of rice blast. Front Microbiol 12: 684888. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.684888.
Zhou H, Zhu HJ, Hu L, Yu X, Ren ZH, Liu EM. 2021. Characterization and inhibitory effects of an antifungal protein from the Bacillus cereus strain YN917. Intl J Agric Biol 25: 1153-1160. https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1776.